Falls and Balance Research Group, Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Mar;59(3):536-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03286.x. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
Falls incidence in Chinese older people has been reported to be approximately half that of Caucasian populations. It is possible that the falls risk factor profile may differ significantly between Caucasian and Chinese populations, and a better understanding of this reported difference in incidence and associated risk factors may influence potential approaches to future intervention. A systematic literature review was conducted using the EMBase, Medline, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and WanFangdata databases to collate and evaluate the studies that have addressed the incidence and risk factors for falls in Chinese older people. Twenty-one studies conducted in China, Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, and Taiwan met the inclusion criteria. Fall rates ranged between 14.7% and 34% per annum (median 18%). In the four prospective studies, injuries were reported by 60% to 75% of those reporting falls, with fractures constituting 6% to 8% of all injuries. One hundred thirty-two variables were identified as fall risk factors, with commonly reported factors being female sex, older age, use of multiple medications, gait instability, fear of falling, and decline in activities of daily living. The findings reveal a consistently lower incidence of self-reported falls in Chinese older people than in Caucasian older people, although the types and prevalence of risk factors were not dissimilar from those found in studies of Caucasian older people. A greater understanding of the health, behavioral, and lifestyle factors that influence fall rates in Chinese populations is required for elucidating fall prevention strategies in Chinese and non-Chinese older people.
中国老年人的跌倒发生率据报道大约为白种人群的一半。可能白种人和中国人的跌倒风险因素特征存在显著差异，更好地了解这一报告中发病率和相关风险因素的差异可能会影响未来干预措施的潜在方法。使用 EMBase、Medline、中国电子期刊服务和万方数据库进行了系统文献回顾，以整理和评估已经解决中国老年人跌倒发病率和风险因素的研究。有 21 项在中国、香港、澳门、新加坡和台湾进行的研究符合纳入标准。跌倒率每年在 14.7%至 34%之间（中位数为 18%）。在四项前瞻性研究中，报告跌倒的人中，有 60%至 75%报告受伤，骨折占所有受伤的 6%至 8%。确定了 132 个变量作为跌倒风险因素，常见的因素是女性、年龄较大、使用多种药物、步态不稳定、害怕跌倒和日常生活活动能力下降。研究结果表明，中国老年人的自我报告跌倒发生率始终低于白种老年人，但风险因素的类型和流行率与白种老年人的研究相似。需要更好地了解影响中国人群跌倒率的健康、行为和生活方式因素，以便阐明中国和非中国老年人的跌倒预防策略。
