Ministère du Développement Durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, Direction du Suivi et de l'État de l'Environnement, Service des Avis et Expertises Scientifiques, Gouvernement du Québec, Édifice Marie-Guyart, 7e Étage, 675 Boulevard René-Lévesque Est, Québec, QC G1R 5V7, Canada.
J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Aug;32(8):564-80. doi: 10.1002/jat.1651. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and occupational exposure assessment studies often use minute ventilation rates (VE), alveolar ventilation rates (VA) and cardiac outputs (Q) that are not reflective of the physiological variations encountered during the aggregate daytime activities of individuals from childhood to adulthood. These variations of VE, VA and Q values were determined for healthy normal-weight individuals aged 5-96 years by using two types of published individual data that were measured in the same subjects (n = 902), namely indirect calorimetry measurements and the disappearance rates of oral doses of deuterium (²H) and heavy-oxygen (¹⁸O) in urine monitored by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Arteriovenous oxygen content differences (0.051-0.082 ml of O₂ consumed ml⁻¹ of blood) and ratios of the physiological dead space to the tidal volume (0.232-0.419) were determined for oxygen consumption rates (0.157-0.806 l min⁻¹) required by minute energy expenditures ranging from 0.76 to 3.91 kcal min⁻¹. Generally higher values for the 2.5th up to the 99th percentile for VE (0.132-0.774 l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, 4.42-21.69 l m⁻² min⁻¹), VA (0.093-0.553 l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, 3.09-15.53 l m⁻² min⁻¹), Q (0.065-0.330 l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, 2.17 to 9.46 l m⁻² min⁻¹) and ventilation-perfusion ratios (1.12-2.16) were found in children and teenagers aged 5-<16.5 years compared with older individuals. The distributions of cardiopulmonary parameters developed in this study should be useful in facilitating a scientifically sound characterization of the inter-individual differences in the uptake and health risks of lipophilic air pollutants, particularly as they relate to younger children.
生理基于药代动力学模型和职业暴露评估研究通常使用分钟通气量（VE）、肺泡通气量（VA）和心输出量（Q），这些参数不能反映个体从儿童到成年期间日间活动的生理变化。通过使用两种类型的已发表的个体数据，即间接热量测定法和口服氘（²H）和重氧（¹⁸O）在尿液中消失率的监测，通过气体同位素比质谱法，确定了 5-96 岁健康正常体重个体的 VE、VA 和 Q 值的变化。通过测定 0.76 至 3.91kcal min⁻¹ 之间的分钟能量消耗所需的耗氧量（0.157-0.806l min⁻¹），确定了动静脉氧含量差异（0.051-0.082ml O₂消耗 ml⁻¹ 血液）和生理死腔与潮气量之比（0.232-0.419）。对于 VE（0.132-0.774l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹，4.42-21.69l m⁻² min⁻¹）、VA（0.093-0.553l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹，3.09-15.53l m⁻² min⁻¹）、Q（0.065-0.330l kg⁻¹ min⁻¹，2.17-9.46l m⁻² min⁻¹）和通气-灌注比值（1.12-2.16），从 5 岁到<16.5 岁的儿童和青少年中发现了更高的第 2.5 百分位到第 99 百分位的值。与年龄较大的个体相比，该研究中开发的心肺参数分布应该有助于对亲脂性空气污染物的个体差异进行科学合理的特征描述，特别是与年幼的儿童有关。
