Adaptation Processes of Protists to their Environment, UMR7245 CNRS/MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, CP52, 75231 Paris, France.
Future Microbiol. 2011 Feb;6(2):231-46. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.167.
Cilia and flagella are organelles of the cell body present in many eukaryotic cells. Although their basic structure is well conserved from unicellular organisms to mammals, they show amazing diversity in number, structure, molecular composition, disposition and function. These complex organelles are generally assembled by the action of intraflagellar transport, which is powered by kinesin and dynein motor proteins. Several types of kinesins can function in flagella. They all have a well-conserved motor domain with characteristic signatures, but display exhaustive diversification of some domains. This diversity can be explained by the multitude of functions fulfilled by these proteins (transport of cargoes along microtubules, polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules). Functional and phylogenetic analyses reveal that at least seven kinesin families are involved in flagellum assembly and function. In protists, where cilia and flagella fulfill many essential roles, this diversity of function is also observed.
纤毛和鞭毛是许多真核细胞体的细胞器。尽管它们的基本结构从单细胞生物到哺乳动物都很好地保守，但它们在数量、结构、分子组成、排列和功能上表现出惊人的多样性。这些复杂的细胞器通常是由鞭毛内运输的作用组装的，鞭毛内运输由驱动蛋白和动力蛋白马达蛋白提供动力。几种类型的驱动蛋白可以在鞭毛中发挥作用。它们都有一个很好保守的马达结构域，具有特征性的特征，但显示出一些结构域的详尽多样化。这种多样性可以通过这些蛋白所执行的多种功能来解释（沿着微管运输货物，微管的聚合和解聚）。功能和系统发育分析表明，至少有七个驱动蛋白家族参与了鞭毛的组装和功能。在原生动物中，纤毛和鞭毛发挥着许多重要的作用，这种功能的多样性也观察到了。
