Alprazolam and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a double-blind clinical and sleep EEG study.

This study was designed to compare the antidepressant effects of alprazolam and amitriptyline in a group of 30 inpatients suffering from a severe major endogenous depression, diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria and the Newcastle Rating scale, and to examine the effects of alprazolam and amitriptyline on two biological markers of depression, the dexamethasone suppression test and sleep EEG parameters. The 6-week study was double-blind with a random allocation of treatment. Patients were treated with flexible doses of 4-9 mg of alprazolam and 100-225 mg of amitriptyline. After 4 weeks of treatment the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline significantly exceeded those of alprazolam, as measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. There was a high drop-out rate in the alprazolam group because of ineffectiveness of treatment. Alprazolam showed similar effects on sleep parameters as amitriptyline: lengthening of the REM latency and a tendency to shorten stages 3 and 4 and stage REM. These negative clinical results should be interpreted with caution, because of the severity of our selection criteria, and should not be extended to all depressive disorders.