Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology Unit, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
J Adv Nurs. 2011 Jun;67(6):1317-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05599.x. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
This paper is a report of a study that examines (1) whether emergency nurses differ from a general hospital nursing comparison group in terms of job and organizational characteristics and (2) to what extent these characteristics predict job satisfaction, turnover intention, work engagement, fatigue and psychosomatic distress in emergency nurses.
The work environment and job characteristics of nurses are important predictors of stress-health outcomes. Emergency nurses are particularly exposed to stressful events and unpredictable work conditions.
This cross-sectional study (N = 254) was carried out in 15 emergency departments of Belgian general hospitals in 2007-2008 by means of the Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire for Nurses, the Checklist Individual Strength, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory.
Emergency nurses report more time pressure and physical demands, lower decision authority, less adequate work procedures and less reward than a general hospital nursing population. They report, however, more opportunity for skill discretion and better social support by colleagues. Work-time demands appear to be important determinants of psychosomatic complaints and fatigue in emergency nurses. Apart from personal characteristics, decision authority, skill discretion, adequate work procedures, perceived reward and social support by supervisors prove to be strong determinants of job satisfaction, work engagement and lower turnover intention in emergency nurses.
Emergency departments should be screened regularly on job and organizational characteristics to identify determinants of stress-health outcomes that can be the target of preventive interventions.
本文是一项研究报告，该研究考察了（1）急诊护士与一般医院护理对照组在工作和组织特征方面的差异，以及（2）这些特征在多大程度上预测了急诊护士的工作满意度、离职意向、工作投入、疲劳和身心困扰。
护士的工作环境和工作特征是压力-健康结果的重要预测因素。急诊护士尤其容易受到压力事件和不可预测的工作条件的影响。
本横断面研究（N=254）于 2007-2008 年在比利时 15 家综合医院的 15 个急诊部门进行，使用莱顿护士工作质量问卷、个体优势检查表、乌得勒支工作投入量表和简明症状量表。
与一般医院护理人群相比，急诊护士报告的时间压力和身体需求更大，决策自主权较低，工作程序不充分，奖励较少，但他们报告的技能判断机会更多，同事之间的社会支持更好。工作时间需求似乎是急诊护士身心抱怨和疲劳的重要决定因素。除了个人特征外，决策自主权、技能判断、充分的工作程序、感知奖励和主管的社会支持被证明是急诊护士工作满意度、工作投入和离职意向降低的强有力决定因素。
应定期对急诊部门的工作和组织特征进行筛查，以确定可作为预防干预目标的压力-健康结果的决定因素。
