Bipolar Disorder Translational Research Center & Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Republic of Korea.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 1;35(4):1053-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.020. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
Semantic cognition is one of the key factors in psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in pattern of semantic memory organization between euthymic patients with bipolar I and II disorders using the category fluency task. Study participants included 23 euthymic subjects with bipolar I disorder, 23 matched euthymic subjects with bipolar II disorder and 23 matched control subjects. All participants were assessed for verbal learning, recall, learning strategies, and fluency. The combined methods of hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling were used to compare the pattern of semantic memory organization among the three groups. Quantitative measures of verbal learning, recall, learning strategies, and fluency did not differ between the three groups. A two-cluster structure of semantic memory organization was identified for the three groups. Semantic structure was more disorganized in the bipolar I disorder group compared to the bipolar II disorder. In addition, patients with bipolar II disorder used less elaborate strategies of semantic memory organization than those of controls. Compared to healthy controls, strategies for categorization in semantic memory appear to be less knowledge-based in patients with bipolar disorders. A differential pattern of semantic memory organization between bipolar I and II disorders indicates a higher risk of cognitive abnormalities in patients with bipolar I disorder compared to patients with bipolar II disorder. Exploring qualitative nature of neuropsychological domains may provide an explanatory insight into the characteristic behaviors of patients with bipolar disorders.
语义认知是心理社会功能的关键因素之一。本研究旨在通过类别流畅性任务探讨单相和双相障碍患者语义记忆组织模式的差异。研究参与者包括 23 名单相心境稳定的双相障碍患者、23 名匹配的双相 II 型心境稳定的双相障碍患者和 23 名匹配的对照组。所有参与者都接受了言语学习、回忆、学习策略和流畅性的评估。使用层次聚类和多维标度的组合方法比较了三组之间语义记忆组织模式。三组间言语学习、回忆、学习策略和流畅性的定量测量没有差异。为三组确定了语义记忆组织的两簇结构。与双相 II 型障碍组相比，单相障碍组的语义结构更紊乱。此外，与对照组相比，双相 II 型障碍患者的语义记忆组织策略不太复杂。与健康对照组相比，双相障碍患者的语义记忆分类策略似乎基于知识的程度较低。单相和双相障碍之间语义记忆组织模式的差异表明，单相障碍患者的认知异常风险高于双相 II 型障碍患者。探索神经心理学领域的定性特征可能为双相障碍患者的特征行为提供解释性见解。
