Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Curr Oncol Rep. 2011 Jun;13(3):206-15. doi: 10.1007/s11912-011-0162-3.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple sequential steps with accumulation of genetic alterations including mutations, gene amplification, and epigenetic changes. Treatment of CRC has undergone a paradigm shift over the past decade due in part to a better understanding of the biology of the disease and development of newer drugs including biologic agents. In the era of personalized medicine, it is attractive to investigate the molecular pathways leading to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, thus raising the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets. It has intuitive appeal to hypothesize that biomarkers that have prognostic and/or predictive value are those that are intimately connected to the pathogenesis of CRC. In this article, we focus on prognostic and predictive markers in CRC that have a substantial body of data in support of their potential role in routine clinical practice.
结直肠癌（CRC）的发病机制复杂，涉及多个连续步骤，遗传改变的积累包括突变、基因扩增和表观遗传改变。由于对疾病生物学的更好理解以及包括生物制剂在内的新型药物的开发，CRC 的治疗在过去十年中发生了范式转变。在个性化医学时代，研究导致结直肠癌肿瘤发生的分子途径很有吸引力，从而有可能确定新的治疗靶点。假设与 CRC 发病机制密切相关的生物标志物具有预后和/或预测价值，这是一个直观的观点。本文重点介绍 CRC 中的预后和预测标志物，这些标志物有大量数据支持它们在常规临床实践中的潜在作用。
