Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food Science and Environment, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
Environ Toxicol. 2013 Jan;28(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/tox.20690. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry since the 1940s. 2,4-D has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects-from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity-on animal and human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to 2,4-D on oxidative stress in ventral prostate, ovary and breast. Pregnant rats were daily exposed to oral doses of 70 mg/kg/day of 2,4-D from 16 days of gestation up to 23 days after delivery. Then, the pups were sacrificed by decapitation at postnatal day (PND) 45, 60, or 90. Antioxidant enzyme activities and some parameters of the oxidative stress were assessed in ventral prostate, breast, and ovary. Results show that 2,4-D produced three different effects. First, it increased the concentration of some radical oxygen species and the rates of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in ventral prostate, thereby causing oxidative stress at all ages studied. Although an increase in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes was detected, this seemed to have been not enough to counteract the oxidative stress. Second, 2,4-D promoted the oxidative stress in the breasts, mainly during puberty and adulthood, probably because the developing gland is more sensitive to xenobiotics than the adult organ. Third, 2,4-D altered the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxide concentration in the ovary. This effect could reflect the variety of ovarian cell types and their different responses to endocrine changes during development.
自 20 世纪 40 年代以来，除草剂 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）已在农业和林业中广泛使用。2,4-D 已被证明对动物和人类健康产生广泛的不良影响，从胚胎毒性和致畸性到神经毒性。本研究的目的是确定产前和产后暴露于 2,4-D 对前列腺腹侧、卵巢和乳房氧化应激的可能影响。怀孕大鼠从妊娠第 16 天到分娩后第 23 天，每天口服 70mg/kg/天的 2,4-D。然后，在产后第 45、60 和 90 天通过断头术处死幼仔。评估了前列腺腹侧、乳房和卵巢中的抗氧化酶活性和一些氧化应激参数。结果表明，2,4-D 产生了三种不同的影响。首先，它增加了一些自由基氧物质的浓度和前列腺中脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化的速率，从而在所有研究的年龄引起氧化应激。尽管检测到一些抗氧化酶活性的增加，但这似乎不足以对抗氧化应激。其次，2,4-D 促进了乳房中的氧化应激，主要在青春期和成年期，可能是因为发育中的腺体比成年器官对异生物质更敏感。第三，2,4-D 改变了一些抗氧化酶的活性并增加了卵巢中脂质过氧化物的浓度。这种作用可能反映了卵巢细胞类型的多样性及其在发育过程中对内分泌变化的不同反应。
