小儿外科学与人类微生物组

Pediatric surgery and the human microbiome.

机构信息

Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

出版信息

J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Mar;46(3):577-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.12.018.

DOI:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.12.018

Abstract

Bold advances in the past decade have made it possible to carefully study the contributions of microbes to normal human development and to disease pathogenesis. The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in adult diseases ranging from obesity to cancer, but there have been relatively few investigations of bacteria in surgical diseases of infancy and childhood. In this review, we discuss how novel culture-independent approaches have been harnessed to profile microbes present within clinical specimens. Unique features of the pediatric microbiota and innovative approaches to manipulate the gut flora are also reviewed. Finally, we detail the contributions of gut microbes to 3 diseases relevant to pediatric surgeons: necrotizing enterocolitis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Current and future research regarding the pediatric microbiota is likely to translate to improved outcomes for infants and children with surgical diseases.

摘要

在过去的十年中，人们在医学领域取得了重大进展，能够细致研究微生物对人类正常发育和疾病发病机制的影响。目前已经有研究表明，肠道微生物群与成年人的多种疾病有关，从肥胖到癌症都有涉及，但是对于婴幼儿和儿童时期的外科疾病中细菌的研究相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了如何利用新的非培养方法来分析临床标本中的微生物。我们还探讨了儿科微生物群的独特特征以及创新性的方法来操纵肠道菌群。最后，我们详细介绍了肠道微生物对与小儿外科医生相关的 3 种疾病（坏死性小肠结肠炎、肥胖和炎症性肠病）的影响。关于儿科微生物群的当前和未来研究很可能会改善患有外科疾病的婴儿和儿童的预后。