Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 Feb;14(2):112-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01483.x. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors. Their increasing prevalence necessitates further studies on modifiable causative factors and novel treatment options. The gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the obesity--and T2DM--epidemic proposed to act by increasing energy harvest from the diet. Although obesity is associated with substantial changes in the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota, the pathophysiological processes remain only partly understood. In this review we will describe the development of the adult human microbiome and discuss how the composition of the gut microbiota changes in response to modulating factors. The influence of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics and microbial transplantation is discussed from studies using animal and human models. Ultimately, we aim to translate these findings into therapeutic pathways for obesity and T2DM in humans.
肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）归因于遗传易感性和生活方式因素的综合作用。它们的发病率不断上升，需要进一步研究可改变的致病因素和新的治疗选择。肠道微生物群已成为肥胖和 T2DM 流行的一个重要因素，据推测它通过增加从饮食中获取能量来发挥作用。尽管肥胖与肠道微生物群的组成和代谢功能的显著变化有关，但病理生理过程仍部分未知。在这篇综述中，我们将描述成人微生物组的发展，并讨论肠道微生物群的组成如何响应调节因素而发生变化。我们将从使用动物和人类模型的研究中讨论短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、益生元、益生菌、抗生素和微生物移植的影响。最终，我们的目标是将这些发现转化为人类肥胖和 T2DM 的治疗途径。
