Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2011 May;159(5):1136-43. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.006. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
To establish the quality of waters it is necessary to identify both point and non-point pollution sources. In this work, we propose the combination of clean analytical methodologies and chemometric tools to study discrete and diffuse pollution caused in a river by tributaries and precipitations, respectively. During a two-year period, water samples were taken in the Guadalquivir river (selected as a case study) and its main tributaries before and after precipitations. Samples were characterized by analysing nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen, total and volatile suspended solids, carbon species, and heavy metals. Results were used to estimate fluvial and atmospheric inputs and as tracers for anthropic activities. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the background pollution, and to identify pollution inputs. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used as data exploratory tools, while box-whiskers plots and Linear Discriminant Analysis were used to analyse and distinguish the different types of water samples.
为了确定水质，有必要识别点源和非点源污染。在这项工作中，我们提出了将清洁分析方法与化学计量学工具相结合，分别研究支流和降水引起的河流离散和弥散污染。在两年的时间里，在瓜达尔基维尔河（选为案例研究）及其主要支流中采集了降水前后的水样。通过分析营养物质、pH 值、溶解氧、总悬浮固体和挥发性悬浮固体、碳物种和重金属来对水样进行了表征。结果被用来估计河流和大气的输入，并作为人为活动的示踪剂。多元分析用于估计背景污染，并识别污染输入。主成分分析和聚类分析被用作数据探索工具，而箱线图和线性判别分析则用于分析和区分不同类型的水样。
