United States Coast Guard, 1900 Half Street SW, Rm. 9-0731, WA, DC 20593, USA.
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Addict Behav. 2011 Jun;36(6):608-614. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.023. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
An examination of alcohol use patterns in the active duty military to determine the relations of drinking levels and self-reported negative outcomes.
A population-based cross-sectional study design using two-stage complex sampling methodology.
Paper and pencil surveys were administered anonymously in groups at 64 U.S. military installations worldwide.
Randomly selected active duty members (28,546) at major military installations representing the total active force, with the exception of recruits, cadets, and incarcerated personnel.
Personnel were classified into five drinking levels ranging from abstainer to heavy drinker based on quantity and frequency of alcohol intake. Negative outcomes were measured as self-reported serious consequences of alcohol use and alcohol-related productivity loss. Risk for other alcohol related problems was assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
Alcohol negative outcomes showed a curvilinear dose-response relationship with drinking levels. Higher levels of drinking were associated with higher rates of alcohol problems, but problem rates were notably higher for heavy drinkers. Heavy alcohol users showed nearly three times the rate of self-reported serious consequences and over twice the rate of self-reported productivity loss than moderate/heavy drinkers. Heavy drinkers also had the highest risk for alcohol problems on the AUDIT. One fifth of military personnel were heavy drinkers and were most likely aged 18 to 35.
Prevention and clinical interventions should include a major focus on heavy drinkers. Commanders and peers should be trained in recognizing signs of heavy alcohol use and in approaching heavy alcohol users in a way that will foster positive attitudes as opposed to defensiveness and stigma.
检查现役军人的饮酒模式，以确定饮酒水平与自我报告的负面后果之间的关系。
使用两阶段复杂抽样方法的基于人群的横断面研究设计。
在全球 64 个美国军事设施中，以小组匿名形式进行纸笔调查。
随机选择主要军事设施中的现役成员（28546 人），代表除新兵、学员和被监禁人员外的现役部队总数。
根据饮酒量和饮酒频率，将人员分为五个饮酒水平，从 abstainer 到 heavy drinker。负面结果被测量为自我报告的酒精使用的严重后果和与酒精相关的生产力损失。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）评估其他与酒精相关问题的风险。
酒精负面结果与饮酒水平呈曲线剂量反应关系。更高的饮酒水平与更高的酒精问题发生率相关，但重度饮酒者的问题发生率明显更高。重度饮酒者自我报告的严重后果发生率几乎是中度/重度饮酒者的三倍，自我报告的生产力损失率是中度/重度饮酒者的两倍多。重度饮酒者在 AUDIT 上也有最高的酒精问题风险。五分之一的军人是重度饮酒者，他们最有可能是 18 至 35 岁。
预防和临床干预措施应重点关注重度饮酒者。指挥官和同伴应接受培训，以识别重度饮酒的迹象，并以一种促进积极态度而不是防御和污名化的方式接近重度饮酒者。
