School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):878-88. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.008. Epub 2010 Dec 9.
Incompatibility between different types of road user is a problem that previous research has shown to be resistant to a range of interventions. Cars and motorcycles are particularly prone to this. Insight is provided in this paper by a naturalistic method using concurrent verbal protocols and an automatic, highly reliable semantic network creation tool. The method shows how the same road situation is interpreted differently by car drivers and motorcyclists in ways congruent with wider accident rates. Analysis of the structure and content of the semantic networks reveals a greater degree of cognitive compatibility on faster roads such as motorways, but evidence of more critical incompatibilities on country roads and junctions. Both of these road types are implicated in helping to activate cognitive schema which in turn generate stereotypical behaviors unfavourable to the anticipation of motorcyclists by car drivers. The results are discussed in terms of practical measures such as road signs which warn of events behind as well as in front, cross-mode training and the concept of route driveability.
不同类型的道路使用者之间的不兼容性是一个问题，先前的研究表明，这一问题难以通过一系列干预措施得到解决。汽车和摩托车尤其容易出现这种情况。本文通过使用并发口头协议和自动、高度可靠的语义网络创建工具的自然主义方法提供了一些见解。该方法展示了汽车驾驶员和摩托车驾驶员如何以与更广泛的事故率一致的方式，对相同的道路情况做出不同的解释。对语义网络的结构和内容进行分析，揭示了在高速公路等速度较快的道路上，认知兼容性程度更高，但在乡村道路和路口，证据表明存在更严重的不兼容性。这两种道路类型都涉及到激活认知模式，而认知模式反过来又会产生不利于汽车驾驶员预测摩托车手的刻板行为。结果将根据实际措施进行讨论，例如警告前后事件的路标、跨模式培训以及路线可驾驶性的概念。
