Accident Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45:600-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.049. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
The ability to detect hazards in video clips of driving has been inconsistently linked to driving experience and skill. One potential reason for the lack of consistency is the failure to understand the structural differences between those hazards that discriminate between safe and unsafe drivers, and those that do not. The current study used a car simulator to test drivers of differing levels of experience on approach to a series of hazards that were categorized a priori according to their underlying structure. The results showed that learner drivers took longer to fixate hazards, although they were particularly likely to miss hazards that were obscured by the environment (such as a pedestrian emerging from behind a parked truck). While drivers with a moderate amount of experience were as fast as driving instructors to look at hazards, they spent the greatest amount of time looking at them. Only instructors' ability to detect hazards early in the approach translated into differences in driving speed for certain types of hazard. The results demonstrate that drivers of varying experience respond differently to different hazards, and lay the foundations for a hazard typology.
在驾驶视频片段中检测危险的能力与驾驶经验和技能的关联不一致。缺乏一致性的一个潜在原因是未能理解区分安全和不安全驾驶员的那些危险与不区分的危险之间的结构差异。本研究使用汽车模拟器对不同经验水平的驾驶员进行测试，让他们在接近一系列危险时做出反应，这些危险根据其潜在结构事先进行了分类。结果表明，新手驾驶员需要更长的时间来注视危险，尽管他们特别容易错过被环境遮挡的危险（例如从停着的卡车后面走出来的行人）。虽然有一定经验的驾驶员与驾驶教练一样快地注视危险，但他们花在注视危险上的时间最多。只有教练在接近时及早发现危险的能力转化为特定类型危险的驾驶速度差异。研究结果表明，不同经验水平的驾驶员对不同类型的危险会做出不同的反应，为危险分类奠定了基础。
