Crundall David, Bibby Peter, Clarke David, Ward Patrick, Bartle Craig
Accident Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 May;40(3):983-93. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.11.004. Epub 2007 Dec 18.
Motorcyclists are over-represented in UK traffic accident statistics. Many car-motorcycle accidents are however due to the inappropriate actions of car drivers. It is predicted that car drivers at risk of collision with motorcycles have divergent attitudes and beliefs about motorcyclists compared to safer drivers, which may lead to a deficient mental model guiding their interactions with motorcyclists. To assess car drivers' attitudes towards motorcyclists, a survey was undertaken. Respondents filled in 26 general and motorcycle-related items and the 24 items of the reduced Driver Behaviour Questionnaire. Compared to an experienced dual driver group (who both drive cars and ride motorcycles), all other drivers showed divergent beliefs and attitudes. Four factors were extracted from the motorcycle items: negative attitudes, empathic attitudes, awareness of perceptual problems, and spatial understanding. Car drivers with a moderate amount of experience (between 2 and 10 years driving) held the most negative views and reported the most violations. The results have lead to several suggestions for interventions aimed at decreasing the divergence between drivers' perceptions of motorcyclists, and the perceptions of experienced dual drivers.
在英国交通事故统计数据中，摩托车手所占比例过高。然而，许多汽车与摩托车的事故是由于汽车司机的不当行为造成的。据预测，与驾驶更安全的司机相比，有与摩托车碰撞风险的汽车司机对摩托车手有着不同的态度和看法，这可能导致指导他们与摩托车手互动的心理模型存在缺陷。为了评估汽车司机对摩托车手的态度，进行了一项调查。受访者填写了26项一般及与摩托车相关的项目，以及简化版驾驶员行为问卷中的24项。与经验丰富的双栖驾驶者群体（既驾驶汽车又骑摩托车）相比，所有其他司机都表现出不同的看法和态度。从与摩托车相关的项目中提取出四个因素：消极态度、共情态度、对感知问题的认知以及空间理解。驾驶经验适中（2至10年驾龄）的汽车司机持有最消极的观点，并且报告的违规行为最多。研究结果针对旨在减少司机对摩托车手的认知与经验丰富的双栖驾驶者的认知之间差异的干预措施提出了若干建议。
