Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):1015-21. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.033. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
The scrutiny of underground coal mine safety was heightened because of the disasters that occurred in 2006-2007, and more recently in 2010. In the aftermath of the 2006 incidents, the U.S. Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which strengthened the existing regulations and mandated new laws to address various issues related to emergency preparedness and response, escape from an emergency situation, and protection of miners. The National Mining Association-sponsored Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission study highlighted the role of risk management in identifying and controlling major hazards, which are elements that could come together and cause a mine disaster. In 2007 MSHA revised its approach to the "Pattern of Violations" (POV) process in order to target unsafe mines and then force them to remediate conditions in their mines. The POV approach has certain limitations that make it difficult for it to be enforced. One very understandable way to focus on removing threats from major-hazard conditions is to use citation-related reliability analysis. The citation reliability approach, which focuses on the probability of not getting a citation on a given inspector day, is considered an analogue to the maintenance reliability approach, which many mine operators understand and use. In this study, the citation reliability approach was applied to a stratified random sample of 31 underground coal mines to examine its potential for broader application. The results clearly show the best-performing and worst-performing mines for compliance with mine safety standards, and they highlight differences among different mine sizes.
由于 2006-2007 年和最近 2010 年发生的灾难，对地下煤矿安全的审查更加严格。在 2006 年事件发生后，美国国会通过了 2006 年《矿山改进和新应急反应法案》（MINER 法案），该法案加强了现有法规，并颁布了新法律，以解决与应急准备和反应、紧急情况下的逃生以及矿工保护有关的各种问题。美国国家矿业协会赞助的矿山安全技术和培训委员会的研究强调了风险管理在识别和控制重大危害方面的作用，这些危害因素可能会共同作用导致矿山灾难。2007 年，MSHA 修订了其“违规模式”（POV）程序的方法，以便针对不安全的矿山，然后迫使它们纠正其矿山中的条件。POV 方法有一定的局限性，使其难以执行。一种非常合理的方法是使用与引文相关的可靠性分析来关注消除重大危险条件的威胁。引文可靠性方法侧重于给定检查日不获得引文的概率，被认为是与许多矿山经营者理解和使用的维护可靠性方法类似的方法。在这项研究中，引文可靠性方法应用于 31 个地下煤矿的分层随机样本，以检验其更广泛应用的潜力。结果清楚地显示了遵守矿山安全标准的表现最好和最差的矿山，并突出了不同矿山规模之间的差异。
