Cowan N, Lichty W, Grove T R
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1990 Mar;16(2):258-69. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.16.2.258.
Whereas previous studies on memory for unattended speech have inadvertently included acoustic interference, the present study examines memory for unattended syllables during a silent period of 1, 5, or 10 s. The primary task was to read silently (Experiments 1-3) or whisper the reading (Experiment 4). Occasionally, when a light cue occurred, the subject was to recall the most recent spoken syllable, as well as the recent reading material. Memory for both the vowels and consonants of the syllables decreased across 10 s, confirming that auditory memory does decay in the absence of acoustic interference. However, the specific patterns of memory decay for vowels versus consonants depended on task demands, including the allocation of attention and the opportunity for subvocal coding. We suggest an account of performance that includes auditory sensory and phonetic memory codes with different properties, used in combination.
以往关于非注意言语记忆的研究无意中包含了声学干扰，而本研究考察了在1秒、5秒或10秒的安静时段内对非注意音节的记忆。主要任务是默读（实验1 - 3）或轻声朗读（实验4）。偶尔，当出现灯光提示时，受试者要回忆最近说出的音节以及最近的阅读材料。音节的元音和辅音记忆在10秒内均有所下降，这证实了在没有声学干扰的情况下听觉记忆确实会衰退。然而，元音和辅音记忆衰退的具体模式取决于任务要求，包括注意力分配和默读编码的机会。我们提出了一种表现解释，其中包括具有不同属性的听觉感觉和语音记忆代码，并将它们结合使用。
