Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland.
Am J Primatol. 2011 Aug;73(8):802-11. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20943. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Among the stressors that can affect animal welfare in zoos, the immediate effect of relocation to a novel environment is one that has received little attention in the literature. Here, we compare the social network, daily activity and the expression of stress-related behavior in capuchins (Cebus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) before and just after they were relocated to a new enriched enclosure. Results showed similar immediate responses to the move in the two species. Both showed a substantial increase in the time spent resting and spent more time in the highest and "safest" part of their enclosure after relocation. Both capuchins and squirrel monkeys spent significantly more time in close proximity to other group members after relocation, compared to before. In squirrel monkeys, the structure of the social network, which was initially correlated to affiliation, was no longer so after the move. In capuchins, the network analysis showed that individuals regrouped by age, with the youngsters who were potentially more affected by stress being in the center of the network. Social network analysis helped to achieve a more complete picture of how individuals were affected by relocation. We suggest that this type of analysis should be used alongside traditional methods of observation and analysis to encompass the most complex aspects of animal behavior in times of stress and to improve welfare.
在影响动物园动物福利的应激源中，迁移到新环境的直接影响是文献中关注较少的一个。在这里，我们比较了卷尾猴（Cebus apella）和松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）在迁移到新的丰富围栏前后的社交网络、日常活动和应激相关行为的表达。结果表明，这两个物种对迁移的反应相似。两者在迁移后都明显增加了休息时间，并且在围栏的最高和“最安全”部分花费的时间更多。与迁移前相比，迁移后，卷尾猴和松鼠猴与其他群体成员近距离接触的时间明显增加。在松鼠猴中，最初与依恋相关的社交网络结构在迁移后不再如此。在卷尾猴中，网络分析表明，个体按年龄重新分组，受压力影响较大的年轻人处于网络的中心。社交网络分析有助于更全面地了解个体在迁移时如何受到影响。我们建议，这种类型的分析应该与传统的观察和分析方法一起使用，以涵盖动物在压力下最复杂的行为方面，并提高福利。
