Brébion Gildas, Bressan Rodrigo A, Pilowsky Lyn S, David Anthony S
1Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
3Center for Neuroimaging and Cognition, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 May;17(3):485-93. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711000208.
Previous work has suggested that decrement in both processing speed and working memory span plays a role in the memory impairment observed in patients with schizophrenia. We undertook a study to examine simultaneously the effect of these two factors. A sample of 49 patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls underwent a battery of verbal and visual memory tasks. Superficial and deep encoding memory measures were tallied. We conducted regression analyses on the various memory measures, using processing speed and working memory span as independent variables. In the patient group, processing speed was a significant predictor of superficial and deep memory measures in verbal and visual memory. Working memory span was an additional significant predictor of the deep memory measures only. Regression analyses involving all participants revealed that the effect of diagnosis on all the deep encoding memory measures was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was entered in the regression. Decreased processing speed is involved in verbal and visual memory deficit in patients, whether the task require superficial or deep encoding. Working memory is involved only insofar as the task requires a certain amount of effort.
先前的研究表明，处理速度和工作记忆广度的下降在精神分裂症患者的记忆损害中起作用。我们进行了一项研究，以同时检验这两个因素的影响。49名精神分裂症患者和43名健康对照者的样本接受了一系列言语和视觉记忆任务。统计了浅层次和深层次编码记忆测量结果。我们以处理速度和工作记忆广度作为自变量，对各种记忆测量进行回归分析。在患者组中，处理速度是言语和视觉记忆中浅层次和深层次记忆测量的显著预测因素。工作记忆广度仅是深层次记忆测量的另一个显著预测因素。涉及所有参与者的回归分析表明，当在回归中纳入处理速度时，诊断对所有深层次编码记忆测量的影响降至不显著。处理速度下降与患者的言语和视觉记忆缺陷有关，无论任务需要浅层次还是深层次编码。工作记忆仅在任务需要一定努力的情况下才起作用。
