San Diego State University, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
Prev Med. 2011 May;52(5):326-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.02.020. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Neighborhood built environments (BE) include combinations of co-existing stimuli influencing physical activity (PA). Dealing with numerous environmental variables and complexity presents a significant challenge. The current analysis explored whether a range of reported BE features associated with adults' physical activity produced distinct multivariate patterns, and tested whether adults' PA and body mass differed by BE profiles.
Participants (20-65 years, 48.2% female, 26% ethnic minority) were recruited between 2002 and 2005 from 32 neighborhoods from Seattle-King County, WA (N=1287) and Baltimore, MD-Washington, DC regions (N=912). Independent Latent Profile Analyses were conducted in each region with 11 environmental variables from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Validity of the neighborhood profiles was examined by their relationship to PA (accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous minutes/day, self-reported minutes/week of walking for transportation and leisure) and self-reported BMI using ANCOVA models.
Neighborhood profiles for Seattle and Baltimore regions were visually similar, suggesting generalizability. High-walkable recreationally-dense neighborhoods differed significantly from other neighborhood types by as much as 13 MVPA minutes/day, almost 60 minutes/week of walking for transportation, and 75 min/week of leisure-time activity. Neighborhood profiles also differed significantly for BMI.
These findings could help identify optimal patterns of environmental attributes that facilitate physical activity and improve weight status.
邻里建成环境（BE）包括影响身体活动（PA）的共存刺激因素的组合。处理众多环境变量和复杂性是一个重大挑战。目前的分析探讨了与成年人身体活动相关的一系列报告的 BE 特征是否产生了不同的多元模式，并测试了成年人的 PA 和体重是否因 BE 特征而异。
参与者（20-65 岁，48.2%为女性，26%为少数民族）于 2002 年至 2005 年在华盛顿州西雅图-金县（N=1287）和马里兰州巴尔的摩-华盛顿特区（N=912）的 32 个街区招募。在每个地区，使用邻里环境步行性量表的 11 个环境变量进行独立潜在剖面分析。通过与 PA（加速度计测量的中到剧烈活动分钟/天，自我报告的用于交通和休闲的每周步行分钟）和自我报告的 BMI 的关系，用 ANCOVA 模型来检验邻里剖面的有效性。
西雅图和巴尔的摩地区的邻里剖面在视觉上相似，表明具有可推广性。高步行娱乐密集型社区与其他社区类型在中到剧烈活动分钟/天、用于交通的每周步行近 60 分钟/周和休闲时间活动每周 75 分钟方面差异显著。邻里剖面在 BMI 方面也存在显著差异。
这些发现可以帮助确定促进身体活动和改善体重状况的最佳环境属性模式。
