Restrepo Clara, Rallón Norma Ibón, Benito José Miguel
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2011 Nov 19;137(13):600-4. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.11.023. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not always associated with infection and a subset of individuals remains persistently as HIV-seronegative despite multiple episodes of HIV exposure. These individuals are called HIV-exposed seronegatives (ESN). Several genetic and immunological factors have been involved in this resistance to HIV acquisition. Genetic factors have been linked to genes encoding chemokine receptors and their natural ligands as well as genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Immunological factors include both innate and adaptive immunity. The study of ESN provides a unique opportunity to unveil the mechanisms of natural protection against viral infection. Their better understanding may lead to novel preventive and immune-therapeutic approaches, including vaccines.
反复接触人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）并不总是会导致感染，尽管有多次HIV暴露经历，但仍有一部分个体一直保持HIV血清阴性。这些个体被称为HIV暴露血清阴性者（ESN）。多种遗传和免疫因素与这种对HIV感染的抵抗力有关。遗传因素与编码趋化因子受体及其天然配体的基因以及主要组织相容性复合体的基因有关。免疫因素包括先天免疫和适应性免疫。对ESN的研究为揭示天然抗病毒感染保护机制提供了独特的机会。对它们的深入了解可能会带来新的预防和免疫治疗方法，包括疫苗。
