Barquera Cervera Simón, Campos-Nonato Ismael, Rojas Rosalba, Rivera Juan
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud, Cuernavaca, Mor., México.
Gac Med Mex. 2010 Nov-Dec;146(6):397-407.
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemias, musculoskeletal diseases, and certain types of cancer. In Mexico the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 16.7% in preschool children, 26.2% in school children, and 30.9% in adolescents. For adults, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 39.7 and 29.9%, respectively (ENSANUT 2006). Based on an analysis of the situation in Mexico, the need for a comprehensive, multisectoral, multilevel policy and an effective coordination policy have been clearly identified to achieve changes in eating patterns and physical activity to enable the prevention of chronic diseases and to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity The combination of strategies and actions of the Mexican National Agreement for Healthy Nutrition proposed by the federal government proposes among its aims for 2012: a reversal in the prevalence of overweight and obesity for children aged 2-5 years in comparison with ENSANUT to stop the increasing prevalence in this condition for school children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years), and to slow down the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults. This challenge will require important regulatory actions, efficient and adaptable implementation, and participation of all sectors of society.
肥胖是引发2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压、血脂异常、肌肉骨骼疾病以及某些类型癌症的主要风险因素。在墨西哥，学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的患病率为16.7%，学龄儿童为26.2%，青少年为30.9%。对于成年人，超重和肥胖的患病率分别为39.7%和29.9%（2006年全国营养与健康调查）。基于对墨西哥情况的分析，已明确需要一项全面、多部门、多层次的政策以及一项有效的协调政策，以实现饮食模式和体育活动的改变，从而预防慢性病并降低超重和肥胖的患病率。联邦政府提出的墨西哥《健康营养国家协议》中的战略与行动组合，在其2012年目标中提出：与全国营养与健康调查相比，扭转2至5岁儿童超重和肥胖的患病率，阻止学龄儿童和青少年（5至19岁）这一状况患病率的上升，并减缓成年人超重和肥胖患病率的上升。这一挑战将需要重要的监管行动、高效且适应性强的实施以及社会各部门的参与。
