Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Public Health Institute, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Center for Research in Mathematics, Aguascalientes Unit, Aguascalientes 20259, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 26;11(8):1727. doi: 10.3390/nu11081727.
Mexico has one of the highest overweight and obesity rates in the world. Our objective is to describe the tendency of overweight and obesity by sex, health service affiliation, and socioeconomic tertile (T1,2,3), and to give examples of public policies derived from the results of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (ENSANUT). Data come from the 2006, 2012, and 2016 ENSANUTs, which are probabilistic surveys that allow us to make inferences at the national level, on urban and rural strata and regions; their coverage includes all the population age groups. We assessed overweight and obesity (OW + O) in all population groups. The prevalence of OW + O in preschool children was lower in T1 in all the surveys, and shows an increase by year of survey, according to the health service affiliation. In school-age women, prevalence increased over the 10 years of evaluation, in spite of the high prevalence in both genders in T3. Adolescent behavior is similar and, in adults, the prevalence of OW + O shows an increase by year of survey, gender, and affiliation, with the differences not explained by socioeconomic tertile. In conclusion, the ENSANUT series represents a surveillance system that allow us to observe the changes in overweight and obesity prevalence over the time, showing a high prevalence of OW + O in the population, and has contributed to public policy enhancement.
墨西哥是世界上超重和肥胖率最高的国家之一。我们的目的是按性别、医疗服务隶属关系和社会经济阶层（T1、2、3）描述超重和肥胖的趋势，并举例说明从墨西哥国家健康和营养调查（ENSANUT）结果中得出的公共政策。数据来自于 2006、2012 和 2016 年的 ENSANUT，这些调查是概率性的，可以让我们在国家层面、城乡阶层和地区进行推断；其涵盖的人群包括所有年龄组。我们评估了所有人群的超重和肥胖（OW+O）情况。在所有调查中，学龄前儿童的 OW+O 患病率在 T1 中较低，且根据医疗服务隶属关系，呈逐年上升趋势。在学龄期女性中，OW+O 的患病率在 10 年的评估中有所增加，尽管在 T3 中两性的患病率都很高。青少年的行为是相似的，在成年人中，OW+O 的患病率呈逐年上升趋势，且按性别和隶属关系上升，而这种差异不能用社会经济阶层来解释。总之，ENSANUT 系列代表了一个监测系统，使我们能够观察超重和肥胖患病率随时间的变化，表明人群中 OW+O 的高患病率，并促进了公共政策的加强。
