Urban Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2175, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Apr 15;45(8):3665-71. doi: 10.1021/es104287n. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
The application of reverse osmosis (RO) in water intended for reuse is promising for assuring high water quality. However, one significant disadvantage is the need to dispose of the RO retentate (or reject water). Studies focusing on Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have raised questions concerning their concentrations in the RO retentate. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are alternatives for destroying these compounds in retentate that contains high concentration of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and other inorganic constituents. Twenty-seven PPCPs were screened in a RO retentate using solid phase extraction (SPE) and UPLC-MS/MS, and detailed degradation studies for 14 of the compounds were obtained. Based on the absolute hydroxyl radical (HO•) reaction rate constants for individual pharmaceutical compounds, and that of the RO retentate (EfOM and inorganic constituents), it was possible to model their destruction. Using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, the HO• oxidation of the EfOM could be observed through decreases in the retentate fluorescence. The decrease in the peak normally associated with proteins correlated well with the removal of the pharmaceutical compounds. These results suggest that fluorescence may be a suitable parameter for monitoring the degradation of PPCPs by AOPs in RO retentates.
反渗透（RO）在再利用水中的应用有望确保高质量的水质。然而，一个显著的缺点是需要处理 RO 浓缩物（或废水）。专注于药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的研究对它们在 RO 浓缩物中的浓度提出了质疑。高级氧化工艺（AOPs）是在含有高浓度废水有机物（EfOM）和其他无机成分的浓缩物中破坏这些化合物的替代方法。使用固相萃取（SPE）和 UPLC-MS/MS 在 RO 浓缩物中筛选了 27 种 PPCPs，并对其中 14 种化合物进行了详细的降解研究。基于单个药物化合物的绝对羟基自由基（HO•）反应速率常数以及 RO 浓缩物（EfOM 和无机成分），可以对它们的破坏进行建模。通过激发-发射矩阵（EEM）荧光光谱，可以观察到 EfOM 的 HO•氧化，通过浓缩物荧光的降低来实现。与蛋白质相关的通常与去除药物化合物相关的峰的降低与去除。这些结果表明，荧光可能是监测 RO 浓缩物中 AOPs 对 PPCPs 降解的合适参数。
