Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2011 Feb;61(2):142-56.
The Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study evaluated the contribution of ambient air pollutants to personal and indoor exposures of adults and asthmatic children living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, the role of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution exposures upon asthmatic children's respiratory health was assessed. Several active and passive sampling methods were applied, or adapted, for personal, indoor, and outdoor residential monitoring of nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter (PM; PM < or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5] and < or = 10 microm [PM10] in aerodynamic diameter), elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, ozone, air exchange rates, allergens in settled dust, and particulate-associated metals. Participants completed five consecutive days of monitoring during the winter and summer of 2005 and 2006. During 2006, in addition to undertaking the air pollution measurements, asthmatic children completed respiratory health measurements (including peak flow meter tests and exhaled breath condensate) and tracked respiratory symptoms in a diary. Extensive quality assurance and quality control steps were implemented, including the collocation of instruments at the National Air Pollution Surveillance site operated by Environment Canada and at the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality site in Allen Park, Detroit, MI. During field sampling, duplicate and blank samples were also completed and these data are reported. In total, 50 adults and 51 asthmatic children were recruited to participate, resulting in 922 participant days of data. When comparing the methods used in the study with standard reference methods, field blanks were low and bias was acceptable, with most methods being within 20% of reference methods. Duplicates were typically within less than 10% of each other, indicating that study results can be used with confidence. This paper covers study design, recruitment, methodology, time activity diary, surveys, and quality assurance and control results for the different methods used.
安大略省温莎暴露评估研究评估了环境空气污染物对加拿大安大略省温莎市成年人和哮喘儿童的个人和室内暴露的贡献。此外，还评估了个人、室内和室外空气污染暴露对哮喘儿童呼吸健康的影响。采用了几种主动和被动采样方法，或对其进行了调整，用于个人、室内和室外住宅环境中二氮化氮、挥发性有机化合物、颗粒物（PM；空气动力学直径为 < 或 = 2.5 微米[PM2.5]和 < 或 = 10 微米[PM10]）、元素碳、超细颗粒、臭氧、空气交换率、沉降灰尘中的过敏原以及与颗粒物有关的金属的监测。参与者在 2005 年和 2006 年的冬季和夏季连续完成了五天的监测。在 2006 年，除了进行空气污染测量外，哮喘儿童还完成了呼吸健康测量（包括峰值流量计测试和呼气冷凝物），并在日记中记录了呼吸症状。实施了广泛的质量保证和质量控制措施，包括在加拿大环境部运营的国家空气污染监测站和密歇根州艾伦公园的密歇根州环境保护部站点对仪器进行对比。在现场采样过程中，还完成了重复和空白样本，并且报告了这些数据。总共有 50 名成年人和 51 名哮喘儿童被招募参与，产生了 922 名参与者的日数据。当将研究中使用的方法与标准参考方法进行比较时，现场空白值较低，偏差可以接受，大多数方法与参考方法的偏差在 20%以内。重复样本通常彼此相差不到 10%，这表明可以有信心地使用研究结果。本文涵盖了研究设计、招募、方法、活动时间日记、调查以及不同方法使用的质量保证和控制结果。
