Blackwell Debra L
Division of Health Interview Statistics. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA.
Vital Health Stat 10. 2010 Dec(246):1-166.
This report presents statistics from the 2001-2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected measures of physical health and limitations, access to or utilization of health care, and behavior or emotional well-being for children under age 18 by family structure, sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, parent's education, family income, poverty status, home tenure status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, and region.
NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Information about one randomly selected child per family is collected in a face-to-face interview with an adult proxy respondent familiar with the child's health.
Children in nuclear families were generally less likely than children in nonnuclear families to be in good, fair, or poor health; to have a basic action disability; to have leaming disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; to lack health insurance coverage; to have had two or more emergency room visits in the past 12 months; to have receipt of needed prescription medication delayed during the past 12 months due to lack of affordability; to have gone without needed dental care due to cost in the past 12 months; to be poorly behaved; and to have definite or severe emotional or behavioral difficulties during the past 6 months. Children living in single-parent families had higher prevalence rates than children in nuclear families for the various health conditions and indicators examined in this report. However, when compared with children living in other nonnuclear families, children in single-parent families generally exhibited similar rates with respect to child health, access to care, and emotional or behavioral difficulties.
本报告展示了2001 - 2007年国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的统计数据，内容涉及18岁以下儿童在身体健康及受限情况、医疗保健的可及性或利用率、行为或情绪健康等方面的特定指标，这些指标按家庭结构、性别、年龄、种族、西班牙裔血统、父母教育程度、家庭收入、贫困状况、住房保有状况、医疗保险覆盖情况、居住地点和地区进行分类。
NHIS是美国人口普查局的访谈员每年为疾病控制与预防中心的国家卫生统计中心进行的多阶段概率抽样调查，代表了美国非机构化的平民人口。每个家庭中随机抽取一名儿童的信息是通过与熟悉该儿童健康状况的成年代理受访者进行面对面访谈收集的。
核心家庭中的儿童在健康状况良好、一般或较差、有基本行动障碍、有学习障碍或注意力缺陷多动障碍、缺乏医疗保险覆盖、在过去12个月内有两次或更多次急诊室就诊、在过去12个月因费用问题所需处方药的获取延迟、在过去12个月因费用问题未接受所需牙科护理、行为不良以及在过去6个月有明确或严重的情绪或行为困难等方面，通常比非核心家庭中的儿童可能性更低。在本报告所考察的各种健康状况和指标方面，单亲家庭中的儿童患病率高于核心家庭中的儿童。然而，与生活在其他非核心家庭中的儿童相比，单亲家庭中的儿童在儿童健康、医疗可及性以及情绪或行为困难方面的发生率通常相似。
