Mudry Albert, Tjellström Anders
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;71:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000323569. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
During the last 20 years, bone-anchored hearing aids (Baha(®)) became a familiar solution in the treatment of some types of hearing loss. The aim of this chapter is to present the different historical steps which have permitted the production of this new bone conduction hearing device. The recognition of bone conduction hearing is old and was known at least in Antiquity. During the Renaissance, Girolamo Cardano demonstrated a method by which sound may be transmitted to the ear by means of a rod or the shaft of a spear held between one's teeth: this was the beginning of teeth stimulators to improve hearing, firstly in connection with a musical instrument and then, in the second part of the 19th century, with the speaker. The development of the carbon microphone at the beginning of the 20th century allowed the construction of the bone conduction vibrator placed on the mastoid area, notably supported by eyeglasses since the 1950s. Confronted by various problems, and notably the loss of part of sound in the soft tissue of the external mastoid, the idea to implant the vibrator into the mastoid bone was developed in Göteborg, and the first Baha was implanted in 1977 by Anders Tjellström. From that date, various improvements allowed the development of the actual Baha. These different steps are presented in this study, supported by original documentation.
在过去20年中，骨锚式助听器（Baha(®)）已成为治疗某些类型听力损失的常用解决方案。本章旨在介绍促成这种新型骨传导听力设备诞生的不同历史阶段。骨传导听力的认知由来已久，至少在古代就已为人所知。文艺复兴时期，吉罗拉莫·卡尔达诺展示了一种方法，即通过一根杆或夹在牙齿间的矛柄将声音传递到耳朵：这就是牙齿刺激器改善听力的开端，最初与乐器相关，然后在19世纪后半叶与扬声器相关。20世纪初碳麦克风的发展使得能够制造放置在乳突区域的骨传导振动器，自20世纪50年代起尤其借助眼镜进行支撑。面对各种问题，尤其是外乳突软组织中部分声音的损失，将振动器植入乳突骨的想法在哥德堡得以发展，1977年安德斯·耶尔斯特伦首次植入了Baha。从那时起，各种改进促成了现今Baha的发展。本研究结合原始文献介绍了这些不同阶段。
