Orle K A, Weiss J B
Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA.
Methods Mol Med. 1999;20:67-79. doi: 10.1385/0-89603-535-2:67.
The three major causes of genital ulcer disease (GUD) are herpes simplex virus (HSV), Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi. Although techniques exist for the laboratory diagnosis of all three organisms, constraints of cost, availability of equipment and expertise, and the lack of sensitivity and specificity of available tests, result in clinical presentation being primarily used for the diagnosis of GUD both in the United States and in developing countries. Due to the overlapping clinical presentation of the three diseases caused by these etiologic agents, and due to coinfection, these diseases are often misdiagnosed (1). It is now recognized that not only is GUD a cofactor in HIV transmission, but also that treatment of sexually transmitted diseases can reduce the incidence of HIV (2-4), thus efficient and early diagnosis and treatment of GUD is of utmost importance.
生殖器溃疡疾病（GUD）的三大病因是单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）、梅毒螺旋体和杜克雷嗜血杆菌。尽管存在针对这三种病原体的实验室诊断技术，但成本、设备和专业知识的可及性限制，以及现有检测方法缺乏敏感性和特异性，导致在美国和发展中国家，临床表现仍是诊断GUD的主要依据。由于这些病原体所致的三种疾病临床表现相互重叠，且存在合并感染情况，这些疾病常被误诊（1）。现在人们认识到，GUD不仅是HIV传播的一个辅助因素，而且性传播疾病的治疗可以降低HIV的发病率（2 - 4），因此高效且早期诊断和治疗GUD至关重要。
