IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger, Randaberg, Norway.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011;74(7-9):424-38. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.550460.
Ocean acidification (OA) resulting from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has already lowered and is predicted to further lower surface ocean pH. There is a particular need to study effects of OA on organisms living in cold-water environments due to the higher solubility of CO(2) at lower temperatures. Mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) and shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) were kept under an ocean acidification scenario predicted for the year 2100 (pH 7.6) and compared against identical batches of organisms held under the current oceanic pH of 8.1, which acted as a control. The temperature was held at a constant 10°C in the mussel experiment and at 5°C in the shrimp experiment. There was no marked effect on fertilization success, development time, or abnormality to the D-shell stage, or on feeding of mussel larvae in the low-pH (pH 7.6) treatment. Mytilus edulis larvae were still able to develop a shell in seawater undersaturated with respect to aragonite (a mineral form of CaCO(3)), but the size of low-pH larvae was significantly smaller than in the control. After 2 mo of exposure the mussels were 28% smaller in the pH 7.6 treatment than in the control. The experiment with Pandalus borealis larvae ran from 1 through 35 days post hatch. Survival of shrimp larvae was not reduced after 5 wk of exposure to pH 7.6, but a significant delay in zoeal progression (development time) was observed.
由于人为排放的二氧化碳（CO2），海洋酸化（OA）已经降低，并预计将进一步降低表层海水的 pH 值。由于 CO2 在较低温度下的溶解度较高，因此特别需要研究 OA 对生活在冷水环境中的生物的影响。贻贝幼虫（Mytilus edulis）和虾类幼虫（Pandalus borealis）在预测到 2100 年的海洋酸化情景（pH 值 7.6）下饲养，并与在当前海洋 pH 值 8.1 下饲养的相同批次生物进行比较，作为对照。贻贝实验中的温度保持在 10°C 的恒定温度，虾实验中的温度保持在 5°C。在低 pH 值（pH 值 7.6）处理下，受精成功率、发育时间或 D 壳阶段的异常，或贻贝幼虫的进食均未受到显著影响。Mytilus edulis 幼虫仍然能够在相对于方解石（CaCO3 的一种矿物形式）不饱和的海水中发育出壳，但低 pH 值幼虫的大小明显小于对照组。暴露 2 个月后，pH 值为 7.6 的处理组贻贝比对照组小 28%。对 Pandalus borealis 幼虫的实验从孵化后 1 天到 35 天进行。在 pH 值为 7.6 的环境中暴露 5 周后，虾类幼虫的存活率并未降低，但观察到幼体发育时间（发育时间）显著延迟。
