Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011;74(7-9):455-65. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.550556.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) have been discharged to the Frierfjord (Eastern Norway) for 50 yr. The discharges, dominated by PCDF, were highest in the early 1970s and subsequently reduced 3-4 orders ofmagnitude to 1-2 g toxic equivalents (TEQ)/yr in 1992-2002. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) were placed in cages for 6 wk in the Frierfjord and at two locations in the adjacent Langesundsfjord. The objective was to clarify the importance of PCDD/PCDF accumulation from the water directly compared to important food items. Little accumulation of PCDD and a significant accumulation of PCDF were observed in the SPMD. Accumulation of PCDF was observed in fish at Kastebukta, closest to the original source, but not at the other two stations. The PCDF concentrations detected in caged fish at Kastebukta were low compared to concentrations found in locally caught fish. Data indicate that it would take 4-55 yr to reach the PCDF-levels observed in locally caught cod if they were exposed only through water. Our results indicate that accumulation of PCDF/PCDD from prey is more important than accumulation from water.
多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDD）和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDF）已经向弗里德峡湾（挪威东部）排放了 50 年。这些排放物主要是 PCDF，在 20 世纪 70 年代初期排放量最高，随后在 1992 年至 2002 年期间减少了 3-4 个数量级，达到每年 1-2 克毒性等效物（TEQ）。大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）和半渗透膜装置（SPMD）被放置在弗里德峡湾和相邻的朗格松峡湾的两个地点的笼子中，为期 6 周。目的是要明确与重要食物相比，直接从水中积累 PCDD/PCDF 的重要性。SPMD 中观察到 PCDD 的积累很少，而 PCDF 的积累则非常明显。在距离原始污染源最近的 Kastebukta 处，鱼体内观察到 PCDF 的积累，但在其他两个站点则没有。与当地捕获的鱼类相比，Kastebukta 处笼养鱼类中检测到的 PCDF 浓度较低。数据表明，如果仅通过水暴露，那么要达到当地捕获的鳕鱼中观察到的 PCDF 水平，则需要 4-55 年的时间。我们的结果表明，从猎物中积累 PCDF/PCDD 比从水中积累更为重要。
