University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, MO 64108, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2011 Mar 1;83(5):585-90.
Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infections in surgical patients, accounting for approximately 500,000 infections annually. Surgical site infections also account for nearly 4 million excess hospital days annually, and nearly $2 billion in increased health care costs. To reduce the burden of these infections, a partnership of national organizations, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, created the Surgical Care Improvement Project and developed six infection prevention measures. Of these, three core measures contain recommendations regarding selection of prophylactic antibiotic, timing of administration, and duration of therapy. For most patients undergoing clean-contaminated surgeries (e.g., cardiothoracic, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, vascular, gynecologic), a cephalosporin is the recommended prophylactic antibiotic. Hospital compliance with infection prevention measures is publicly reported. Because primary care physicians participate in the pre- and postoperative care of patients, they should be familiar with the Surgical Care Improvement Project recommendations.
手术部位感染是手术患者中最常见的医院获得性感染，每年约有 50 万例感染。手术部位感染还导致每年近 400 万例额外住院天数，并增加近 20 亿美元的医疗保健费用。为了减轻这些感染的负担，包括医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心和疾病控制与预防中心在内的国家组织合作，创建了外科护理改进项目，并制定了六项感染预防措施。其中，三项核心措施包含有关预防性抗生素选择、给药时机和治疗持续时间的建议。对于大多数接受清洁污染手术（例如心胸、胃肠道、骨科、血管、妇科）的患者，头孢菌素是推荐的预防性抗生素。医院对感染预防措施的遵守情况会公开报告。由于初级保健医生参与患者的术前和术后护理，他们应该熟悉外科护理改进项目的建议。
