Laudisoit Anne, Leirs Herwig, Makundi Rhodes, Krasnov Boris Ronald
Zoogeographical Research Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, BelgiumEvolutionary Ecology Group, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, BelgiumGeneral bacteriology Unit, VAR, Brussels, BelgiumDanish Pest Infestation Laboratory, Department of Integrated Pest Management, University of Aarhus, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkPest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Integr Zool. 2009 Jun;4(2):196-212. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00150.x.
We investigated host and flea species composition across different habitats during dry and rainy seasons in the Western Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. During both seasons, similarity in flea species composition increased with an increase in the similarity in host species composition. Nevertheless, between-season within-habitat as well as within-season between-habitat similarity in host species composition was higher than similarity in flea species composition. Ordination of habitats according to their host and flea species composition demonstrated that the pattern of between-habitat similarity in both host and flea species composition varied seasonally. Despite the relatively rich mammal and flea fauna of the study region, the major contribution to variation in species composition between seasons and among habitats was due to a few species only. Flea assemblages on Lophuromys kilonzoi Verheyen et al., 2007 and Praomys delectorum Thomas, 1910 in different habitats were equally similar in either season. In contrast, flea assemblages on Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) occurring in different habitats were more similar in the dry than in the rainy season, whereas the opposite was the case for fleas on Grammomys sp. In different hosts, the main differences in species composition of flea assemblages between seasons as well as among habitats were due to different flea species. Although our results support the earlier idea that parasite species composition is determined by both host species composition and habitat properties, the former appears to explain variance in flea species composition between localities in the tropics better than between localities in temperate and arid zones.
我们调查了坦桑尼亚西部乌桑巴拉山脉旱季和雨季不同栖息地的宿主和跳蚤物种组成。在两个季节中，跳蚤物种组成的相似度都随着宿主物种组成相似度的增加而增加。然而，栖息地内季节间以及季节内不同栖息地间宿主物种组成的相似度高于跳蚤物种组成的相似度。根据宿主和跳蚤物种组成对栖息地进行排序表明，宿主和跳蚤物种组成的栖息地间相似度模式随季节变化。尽管研究区域的哺乳动物和跳蚤动物群相对丰富，但季节间和栖息地间物种组成变化的主要贡献仅来自少数物种。2007年Verheyen等人描述的基隆佐伊非洲攀鼠（Lophuromys kilonzoi）和1910年Thomas描述的德氏柔毛鼠（Praomys delectorum）在不同栖息地的跳蚤组合在任何一个季节都同样相似。相比之下，不同栖息地的南非多乳鼠（Mastomys natalensis，由Smith于1834年描述）身上的跳蚤组合在旱季比雨季更相似，而长尾巨鼠属（Grammomys sp.）身上的跳蚤情况则相反。在不同宿主中，跳蚤组合物种组成在季节间以及栖息地间的主要差异是由于不同的跳蚤物种。虽然我们的结果支持了早期的观点，即寄生虫物种组成由宿主物种组成和栖息地属性共同决定，但前者似乎比在温带和干旱地区的不同地点之间，能更好地解释热带地区不同地点间跳蚤物种组成的差异。
