中国老虎的历史分布与近期数量减少情况。

Historic distribution and recent loss of tigers in China.

作者信息

Kang Aili, Xie Yan, Tang Jirong, Sanderson Eric W, Ginsberg Joshua R, Zhang Endi

机构信息

Wildlife Conservation Society, China Program, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaWildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation ProgramsEast China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

Integr Zool. 2010 Dec;5(4):335-341. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00221.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00221.x

PMID:21392351

Abstract

Historical records can provide important evidence of changes in distributions of wildlife species. Here we discuss the distribution of the tiger (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) over the past 2000 years in China based on 2635 historical records. We also compare tiger distributions outlined in these records with ecosystem type maps. Throughout this time period, tigers maintained a broad distribution across 7 biomes (from forests to deserts). However, in recent decades the range has been significantly condensed. Today, only 2 populations remain, neither of which is independently viable. Tigers have completely disappeared from the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of central China, a region that was traditionally their most important biome in China. The continued presence of wild tigers in China is highly dependent on significant conservation measures.

摘要

历史记录可以提供野生动物物种分布变化的重要证据。在此，我们基于2635条历史记录，探讨了过去2000年里老虎（Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758）在中国的分布情况。我们还将这些记录中勾勒的老虎分布与生态系统类型图进行了比较。在整个这段时期，老虎在7个生物群落（从森林到沙漠）中保持着广泛分布。然而，近几十年来其分布范围已大幅缩减。如今，仅剩下2个种群，且没有一个种群能够独立存活。老虎已在中国中部的温带阔叶林和混交林中完全消失，而该地区传统上是它们在中国最重要的生物群落。中国野生老虎的持续存在高度依赖于重大的保护措施。