Yang Chao-Yang, Peng Chien-Yu, Liu Ying-Chieh, Chen Wen-Zhi, Chiou Wen-Ko
Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chang Gung Med J. 2011 Jan-Feb;34(1):1-22.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers such as colon cancer (CCa), prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) have been recognized as obesity-initiated diseases. The development of obesity can cause changes in metabolic and hormonal conditions, which can result in the storage of excess energy in different forms in the human body. Existing anthropometric data are useful in the prognosis of these diseases. Although frequently studied, there is disagreement on the applicability, reliability and trends of weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and relevant indices. WC is generally accepted as a key marker in CVD and CCa risk assessment whereas more evidence of the usefulness of WC-CVD, WC-PCa and WC-BCa correlations is needed. The body mass index, which has been widely used as a determinant of obesity, has a strong connection with CCa risk in men and young women, but an inconsistent connection with BCa. Cross-referencing measurements, with indices such as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), enhances the association with diseases, e.g. WHtR-CVD and WHR-CCa, and connections are strong. This idea is further applied to multiple referencing. For example, the WHtR/WHR has been studied and found highly correlated with the MetS risk in Asia. In addition, latent issues (such as tools or techniques for surface anthropometric measurement), which could affect the prognosis of diseases, have been discussed. To this end, three-dimensional technology is suggested as a reliable tool for various anthropometric data collection and analysis in preventive medicine.
代谢综合征（MetS）、心血管疾病（CVD）以及诸如结肠癌（CCa）、前列腺癌（PCa）和乳腺癌（BCa）等癌症已被公认为由肥胖引发的疾病。肥胖的发展会导致代谢和激素状况发生变化，进而可能致使多余能量以不同形式在人体内储存。现有的人体测量数据对这些疾病的预后具有参考价值。尽管这些数据常被研究，但对于体重、身高、腰围（WC）及相关指标的适用性、可靠性和变化趋势仍存在分歧。WC通常被视为心血管疾病和结肠癌风险评估的关键指标，然而，WC与心血管疾病、WC与前列腺癌以及WC与乳腺癌之间相关性的有用证据还需更多。体重指数作为肥胖的一个常用判定指标，与男性和年轻女性的结肠癌风险密切相关，但与乳腺癌的关联并不一致。将诸如腰高比（WHtR）和腰臀比（WHR）等指标进行交叉参照测量，会增强与疾病的关联，例如WHtR与心血管疾病、WHR与结肠癌的关联，且这种关联很强。这一理念进一步应用于多重参照。例如，对WHtR/WHR进行研究后发现，其与亚洲人群的代谢综合征风险高度相关。此外，还讨论了可能影响疾病预后的潜在问题（如体表人体测量的工具或技术）。为此，三维技术被建议作为预防医学中各种人体测量数据收集和分析的可靠工具。
