ICREA, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social - IPHES, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Pl. Imperial Tarraco 1, 43005 Tarragona, Spain.
J Hum Evol. 2011 Apr;60(4):375-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.012. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
We report the study of the collection of fossil bovid specimens from the Early-Middle Pleistocene Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov. This locality, situated in the Levantine Corridor (the bottleneck that connects Africa and Eurasia) is a key site to explain the faunal and human dispersals out of Africa during the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary around 0.8Ma. Two species of bovine (Bos sp., and Bovini gen. et sp. indet. cf. Bison sp.), one antelope (Gazella sp. cf. G. Gazella), and another indeterminate Bovidae gen. et sp. indet., have been recorded. The largest species, Bos sp., is an African immigrant related to the species from the Eritrean site of Buia, Bos buiaensis, which evolved from the buffalo of Olduvai Pelorovis oldowayensis, and colonized the Eurasian continent in parallel with the dispersal of the Acheulian culture into the northern continent. Numerous important species first recorded in several localities of Early-Middle Pleistocene transition from Eurasia are included in this dispersal out of Africa, including the megaherbivore, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, and the carnivores Crocuta crocuta, and later, Panthera leo and Panthera pardus. This faunal turnover is coincident with the change to colder climates that dominated the Middle Pleistocene.
我们报告了对早-中更新世阿舍利石器地点 Gesher Benot Ya'aqov 的化石偶蹄类动物标本的研究。这个位于黎凡特走廊（连接非洲和欧亚大陆的瓶颈地带）的地点是解释大约 80 万年前马修/布容期边界期间非洲以外的动物群和人类扩散的关键地点。记录了两种牛（Bos sp.和 Bovini gen. et sp. indet. cf. Bison sp.）、一种羚羊（Gazella sp. cf. G. Gazella）和另一种未确定的牛科动物属和种。最大的物种 Bos sp.是一种非洲移民，与来自厄立特里亚 Buia 遗址的 Bos buiaensis 有关，后者是从奥杜威 Olduvai Pelorovis oldowayensis 的水牛进化而来的，并与阿舍利文化向北方大陆的扩散同时殖民了欧亚大陆。在欧亚大陆的几个早-中更新世过渡地点首次记录的许多重要物种也包括在这次非洲以外的扩散中，其中包括巨型食草动物古菱齿象 Palaeoloxodon antiquus 以及肉食动物 Crocuta crocuta，后来还有 Panthera leo 和 Panthera pardus。这种动物群的更替与主导中更新世的寒冷气候的变化相一致。
