McKeever Kenneth Harrington
Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2011 Apr;27(1):197-218. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.01.001.
Horses spend most of their day eating, standing, and occasionally exercising. Exercise can range from running in a pasture to athletic training. Under resting conditions, horses easily maintain the internal environment. The performance of work or exercise is a major physiologic challenge, a disturbance to homeostasis that invokes an integrative response from multiple organ systems. The response to exercise involves endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling associated with the short-term and adaptive control of many systems. The coordinated control of multiple physiologic variables is essential for achieving regulation to maintain the integrity of the internal environment of the body.
马一天中的大部分时间都在进食、站立，偶尔进行锻炼。锻炼的形式可以从在牧场奔跑至进行运动训练。在休息状态下，马能轻松维持体内环境。进行工作或锻炼是一项重大的生理挑战，是对体内平衡的一种干扰，会引发多个器官系统的综合反应。对锻炼的反应涉及与许多系统的短期和适应性控制相关的内分泌和神经内分泌信号传导。对多个生理变量的协调控制对于实现调节以维持身体内部环境的完整性至关重要。
