Fernández Lourdes Carrillo, Serra Jaime Dalmau, Álvarez Jesús Román Martínez, Alberich Rosa Solà, Jiménez Francisco Pérez
Centro de Salud La Victoria de Acentejo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
Aten Primaria. 2011 Mar;43(3):157.e1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2010.12.003.
Although dietary fat and its role in cardiovascular prevention has been one of the most extensively studied nutritional topics, it continues to be an ever-expanding research area. Particularly thanks to studies on Mediterranean diet, we now know that fat quality is more relevant than the amount of fat we eat in the diet. Thus, saturated and trans fats have been found to increase the risk of atherogenic disease. This is why it is recommended to substitute complex carbohydrates or unsaturated fat for unsaturated and trans fats with the aim of reducing saturated and trans fat intake to <10% and <1%, respectively, of the total calorie intake. Recent population studies, particularly that conducted in Kuopio, Finland, and those on Mediterranean diet, stress the important role of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats as key nutrients in preventing cardiovascular disease in modern societies. Furthermore, a special type of polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e. those of the omega-3 (n-3) series, is increasingly becoming essential nutrients for a healthy diet, especially in the case of children. Therefore, there is a rationale for four the Scientific Societies that are strongly committed to disseminate the benefits of a healthy diet in preventing cardiovascular disease, and to prepare a joint statement with the purpose of spreading improved knowledge on the importance of changing to a healthy diet with a well-balanced fat intake for industrialized populations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from the following institutions has developed the present joint statement targeted at both adults and children of different ages: Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, Spanish Association of Paediatrics, Spanish Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Paediatric Nutrition and Dietetics, and Spanish Society for Food Sciences.
尽管膳食脂肪及其在心血管疾病预防中的作用一直是研究最为广泛的营养话题之一，但它仍是一个不断拓展的研究领域。特别是由于对地中海饮食的研究，我们现在知道脂肪质量比我们饮食中摄入的脂肪量更为重要。因此，已发现饱和脂肪和反式脂肪会增加动脉粥样硬化疾病的风险。这就是为什么建议用复合碳水化合物或不饱和脂肪替代饱和脂肪和反式脂肪，目的是将饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的摄入量分别降至总热量摄入的<10%和<1%。最近的人群研究，特别是在芬兰库奥皮奥进行的研究以及关于地中海饮食的研究，强调了单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪作为现代社会预防心血管疾病关键营养素的重要作用。此外，一种特殊类型的多不饱和脂肪酸，即ω-3（n-3）系列脂肪酸，正日益成为健康饮食中必不可少的营养素，尤其是对儿童而言。因此，四个坚定致力于传播健康饮食在预防心血管疾病方面益处的科学协会有理由联合发表一份声明，目的是在工业化人群中传播更多关于改变为脂肪摄入均衡的健康饮食重要性的知识。据此，来自以下机构的多学科专家小组制定了本联合声明，目标受众为不同年龄段的成人和儿童：西班牙动脉硬化协会、西班牙家庭与社区医学协会、西班牙儿科学会、西班牙胃肠病学、肝病学与儿科营养及饮食学会以及西班牙食品科学学会。
