Rodríguez-Borjabad Cèlia, Narveud Ingunn, Christensen Jacob Juel, Ulven Stine Marie, Malo Ana Irene, Ibarretxe Daiana, Girona Josefa, Torvik Kristin, Bogsrud Martin Prøven, Retterstøl Kjetil, Plana Núria, Masana Luis, Holven Kristen Bjørklund
Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgil University, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Hospital, Norway.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Apr 9;31(4):1299-1307. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.002. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Both the Nordic and Mediterranean diets claim to have a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular prevention. The objective of this study was to compare diets consumed by children with FH at the time of diagnosis in Norway and Spain and to study their relationship with the lipid profile.
In this cross-sectional study, we appraised the dietary intake in children (4-18 years old) with (n = 114) and without FH (n = 145) from Norway and Spain. We compared Nordic and Mediterranean diet composition differences and determined the association between food groups and lipid profiles.
The Spanish FH group had a higher intake of total fats (mainly monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)), cholesterol and fibre, but a lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared to the Norwegian FH group. The Norwegian children consumed more rapeseed oil, low-fat margarine and whole grains and less olive oil, eggs, fatty fish, meat, legumes and nuts. In the Norwegian FH group, fat and MUFAs were directly correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). In Spanish children with FH, the intake of fats (mainly MUFAs) was directly associated with HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1.
Despite a similar lipid phenotype, diets consumed by children with FH in Norway and Spain have significant differences at time of diagnosis. Nutrition advice should be more adapted to local intake patterns than on specific nutrient composition.
北欧饮食和地中海饮食均宣称对脂质代谢和心血管疾病预防有益。本研究的目的是比较挪威和西班牙确诊时患有家族性高胆固醇血症（FH）的儿童所摄入的饮食，并研究其与血脂谱的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了来自挪威和西班牙的患有FH（n = 114）和未患FH（n = 145）的儿童（4至18岁）的饮食摄入量。我们比较了北欧饮食和地中海饮食的成分差异，并确定了食物组与血脂谱之间的关联。
与挪威FH组相比，西班牙FH组的总脂肪（主要是单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA））、胆固醇和纤维摄入量较高，但多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量较低。挪威儿童食用更多的菜籽油、低脂人造黄油和全谷物，食用更少的橄榄油、鸡蛋、富含脂肪的鱼类、肉类、豆类和坚果。在挪威FH组中，脂肪和MUFA与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B呈正相关，与高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）呈负相关。在西班牙患有FH的儿童中，脂肪（主要是MUFA）的摄入量与HDL-C和载脂蛋白A1直接相关。
尽管脂质表型相似，但挪威和西班牙患有FH的儿童在确诊时所摄入的饮食存在显著差异。营养建议应更适应当地的摄入模式，而不是特定的营养成分。
