Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2010 Jun 30;22(25):253201. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/25/253201. Epub 2010 Jun 4.
This review explores the dynamics of two-dimensional electrons in magnetic potentials that vary on scales smaller than the mean free path. The physics of microscopically inhomogeneous magnetic fields relates to important fundamental problems in the fractional quantum Hall effect, superconductivity, spintronics and graphene physics and spins out promising applications which will be described here. After introducing the initial work done on electron localization in random magnetic fields, the experimental methods for fabricating magnetic potentials are presented. Drift-diffusion phenomena are then described, which include commensurability oscillations, magnetic channelling, resistance resonance effects and magnetic dots. We then review quantum phenomena in magnetic potentials including magnetic quantum wires, magnetic minibands in superlattices, rectification by snake states, quantum tunnelling and Klein tunnelling. The third part is devoted to spintronics in inhomogeneous magnetic fields. This covers spin filtering by magnetic field gradients and circular magnetic fields, electrically induced spin resonance, spin resonance fluorescence and coherent spin manipulation.
这篇综述探讨了在平均自由程以下的尺度上变化的磁势中的二维电子动力学。微观不均匀磁场的物理学与分数量子霍尔效应、超导、自旋电子学和石墨烯物理中的重要基本问题有关，并展现出了有前景的应用，这些内容将在本文中介绍。在介绍了在随机磁场中电子局域化的初始工作之后，呈现了用于制造磁势的实验方法。然后描述了漂移扩散现象，其中包括谐和振荡、磁沟道、电阻共振效应和磁点。接着综述了磁势中的量子现象，包括磁量子线、超晶格中的磁能带、蛇态整流、量子隧穿和克莱因隧穿。第三部分致力于不均匀磁场中的自旋电子学。这涵盖了磁场梯度和圆形磁场的自旋过滤、电感应自旋共振、自旋共振荧光和相干自旋操控。
