Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Jun;13(3):262-8. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0175-y.
Antipsychotics are generally distinguished as atypical and typical agents, which are indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses and other psychiatric disorders. In April 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a warning about the increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with atypical antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia. Pneumonia was one of the most frequently reported causes of death. The same warning was extended to typical antipsychotics in June 2008. In recent years, several observational studies have further explored the association between antipsychotic use, mainly in elderly patients, and the risk of fatal/nonfatal community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of this review is to revise and discuss the scientific evidence and biologic explanations for the association between atypical and typical antipsychotic use and pneumonia occurrence. Some general recommendations to clinicians are proposed to prevent the risk of pneumonia in patients requiring antipsychotic treatment.
抗精神病药通常分为非典型和典型药物，用于治疗急性和慢性精神病和其他精神障碍。2005 年 4 月，美国食品和药物管理局发布了一则警告，称使用非典型抗精神病药物治疗老年痴呆症患者会增加全因死亡率的风险。肺炎是最常报告的死亡原因之一。同年 6 月，同样的警告也扩大到了典型抗精神病药物。近年来，几项观察性研究进一步探讨了抗精神病药物的使用与致命/非致命性社区获得性肺炎之间的关系，主要是在老年患者中。本综述的目的是回顾和讨论非典型和典型抗精神病药物使用与肺炎发生之间关联的科学证据和生物学解释。为了预防需要抗精神病药物治疗的患者发生肺炎的风险，向临床医生提出了一些一般性建议。
