Lohse Keith R, Sherwood David E, Healy Alice F
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
J Mot Behav. 2011;43(2):173-84. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2011.555436.
Research on the focus of attention has begun exploring the physiological changes that underlie the difference between internal and external foci of attention. However, previous electromyography studies have used dynamic tasks, making it difficult to interpret electrophysiological data. The authors analyzed how the focus of attention affects a subject's ability to perform an isometric force production task (focus was directed either at the force platform or the muscles responsible for force production). Subjects received practice without attentional focus instructions and then completed blocks of trials with an external and internal attentional focus separately. An external focus led to significantly less error overall and reduced surface electromyography activity with lower median power frequencies in the antagonist muscle, but attentional focus had no effects on the agonist muscle. Thus, an external focus of attention led to more efficient motor unit recruitment patterns (reduced cocontraction) and improved performance. Posttest surveys revealed subjects were aware of their improved performance with an external focus.
对注意力焦点的研究已开始探索构成内部和外部注意力焦点差异基础的生理变化。然而，先前的肌电图研究使用的是动态任务，这使得难以解释电生理数据。作者分析了注意力焦点如何影响受试者执行等长力产生任务的能力（注意力焦点指向力平台或负责产生力的肌肉）。受试者在没有注意力焦点指示的情况下进行练习，然后分别完成具有外部和内部注意力焦点的试验组。外部焦点总体上导致显著更少的误差，并降低了拮抗肌中具有较低中位功率频率的表面肌电图活动，但注意力焦点对主动肌没有影响。因此，外部注意力焦点导致更有效的运动单位募集模式（减少共同收缩）并提高了表现。测试后调查显示，受试者意识到外部焦点使他们的表现得到了改善。
