Stien Nicolay, Saeterbakken Atle Hole, Andersen Vidar, Solstad Tom Erik Jorung
Department of Sport, Food, and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jul;25(7):e70000. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70000.
Accurate and valid assessment of the maximal force production is essential for athlete monitoring and training prescription in sports science. This study investigated the impact of visual feedback on force output and measurement reliability in isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Twenty resistance-trained men completed three variations of the IMTP test (single, repeated, and 30 s all-out) across four sessions, with two sessions conducted with feedback and two without. Peak and mean force output was analyzed using peak and mean values. Data from the best testing day (i.e., highest force output in each variation) were used for comparisons between conditions, whereas test-retest reliability was assessed using data from the two sessions under the same condition. Visual feedback significantly enhanced most measures of peak and mean force outputs in all test variations (effect sizes ranging from 0.49 to 1.13 and p < 0.001-0.006). Reliability analyses of the single and repeated repetitions revealed that feedback reduced coefficients of variation (range: 2.57%-5.17% vs. 3.11%-6.92%) and yielded higher intraclass correlation coefficients (range: 0.961-0.983 vs. 0.898-0.987), indicating improved consistency both within sessions and between testing days. However, in the 30 s all-out test, feedback did not significantly improve reliability, possibly due to pacing strategies influenced by the real-time display. These findings demonstrate that real-time visual feedback enhances both performance and reliability in strength testing, with important implications for research and applied sports science.
在体育科学中，准确有效地评估最大力量产生对于运动员监测和训练处方至关重要。本研究调查了视觉反馈对等长中大腿拉力（IMTP）中力量输出和测量可靠性的影响。20名进行过阻力训练的男性在四个阶段完成了IMTP测试的三种变体（单次、重复和30秒全力测试），其中两个阶段有反馈，两个阶段没有反馈。使用峰值和平均值分析峰值和平均力量输出。来自最佳测试日（即每个变体中最高力量输出）的数据用于不同条件之间的比较，而重测可靠性则使用相同条件下两个阶段的数据进行评估。视觉反馈显著提高了所有测试变体中大多数峰值和平均力量输出的测量值（效应大小范围为0.49至1.13，p<0.001 - 0.006）。单次和重复测试的可靠性分析表明，反馈降低了变异系数（范围：2.57% - 5.17%对3.11% - 6.92%），并产生了更高的组内相关系数（范围：0.961 - 0.983对0.898 - 0.987），表明在各阶段内和测试日之间的一致性得到了改善。然而，在30秒全力测试中，反馈并未显著提高可靠性，这可能是由于实时显示影响了节奏策略。这些发现表明，实时视觉反馈可提高力量测试中的表现和可靠性，对研究和应用体育科学具有重要意义。
