Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011 Mar;5 Suppl 1:S20-31. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2011.25.
The purpose of this article is to set the context for this special issue of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness on the allocation of scarce resources in an improvised nuclear device incident. A nuclear detonation occurs when a sufficient amount of fissile material is brought suddenly together to reach critical mass and cause an explosion. Although the chance of a nuclear detonation is thought to be small, the consequences are potentially catastrophic, so planning for an effective medical response is necessary, albeit complex. A substantial nuclear detonation will result in physical effects and a great number of casualties that will require an organized medical response to save lives. With this type of incident, the demand for resources to treat casualties will far exceed what is available. To meet the goal of providing medical care (including symptomatic/palliative care) with fairness as the underlying ethical principle, planning for allocation of scarce resources among all involved sectors needs to be integrated and practiced. With thoughtful and realistic planning, the medical response in the chaotic environment may be made more effective and efficient for both victims and medical responders.
本文旨在为本期刊登的灾害医学和公共卫生应急准备特刊中关于临时核装置事件中稀缺资源分配的内容提供背景信息。核爆炸发生在足够数量的可裂变材料突然聚集在一起达到临界质量并引发爆炸时。尽管核爆炸的可能性很小，但后果可能是灾难性的，因此有必要进行有效的医疗应对计划，尽管这很复杂。大量核爆炸将产生物理影响和大量伤亡，需要有组织的医疗应对措施来挽救生命。在这种情况下，对资源的需求远远超过了现有的资源。为了实现公平作为基本原则提供医疗服务（包括对症/姑息治疗）的目标，需要整合和实践所有相关部门在稀缺资源分配方面的规划。通过深思熟虑和现实的规划，医疗应对措施在混乱的环境中可能会对受害者和医疗响应者都更加有效和高效。
