Giraud S, Favreau F, Chatauret N, Thuillier R, Maiga S, Hauet T
INSERM U927, BP 577, 86000 Poitiers Cedex, France.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:532127. doi: 10.1155/2011/532127. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
Animal experimentation is necessary to characterize human diseases and design adequate therapeutic interventions. In renal transplantation research, the limited number of in vitro models involves a crucial role for in vivo models and particularly for the porcine model. Pig and human kidneys are anatomically similar (characterized by multilobular structure in contrast to rodent and dog kidneys unilobular). The human proximity of porcine physiology and immune systems provides a basic knowledge of graft recovery and inflammatory physiopathology through in vivo studies. In addition, pig large body size allows surgical procedures similar to humans, repeated collections of peripheral blood or renal biopsies making pigs ideal for medical training and for the assessment of preclinical technologies. However, its size is also its main drawback implying expensive housing. Nevertheless, pig models are relevant alternatives to primate models, offering promising perspectives with developments of transgenic modulation and marginal donor models facilitating data extrapolation to human conditions.
动物实验对于表征人类疾病和设计适当的治疗干预措施是必要的。在肾移植研究中，有限数量的体外模型使得体内模型，尤其是猪模型发挥着关键作用。猪和人类的肾脏在解剖学上相似（其特征是多叶结构，与啮齿动物和狗的单叶肾脏形成对比）。猪的生理学和免疫系统与人类的相近性，通过体内研究为移植物恢复和炎症病理生理学提供了基础知识。此外，猪的体型较大，允许进行类似于人类的外科手术、重复采集外周血或进行肾活检，这使得猪成为医学培训和临床前技术评估的理想选择。然而，其体型也是其主要缺点，意味着饲养成本高昂。尽管如此，猪模型是灵长类动物模型的相关替代方案，随着转基因调控和边缘供体模型的发展，为将数据外推至人类情况提供了有前景的视角。
