Laboratory of Geochemistry, School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Jan;184(1):265-79. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-1966-1. Epub 2011 Mar 15.
The Tsurumi, a class-one Japanese river, has a significant metal loading originating from urban environment. Water and sediment samples were collected from 20 sites in winter and summer, 2009 and were analyzed to determine and compare the extent of different trace element enrichment. A widely used five-step sequential extraction procedure was also employed for the fractionation of the trace elements. Concentrations of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium were three to four times higher than that of reference values and downstream sediments are much more polluted than the upstream sites. Geochemical partitioning results suggest that the potential trace metal mobility in aquatic environment was in the order of: cadmium > zinc > lead > copper > cobalt > chromium > molybdenum > nickel. About 80.2% zinc, 77.9% molybdenum, 75.3% cobalt, 63.7% lead, 60.9% copper, 55.1% chromium, and 39.8% nickel in the sediment were contributed anthropogenically. According to intensity of pollution, Tsurumi river sediments are moderately to heavily contaminated by zinc, lead, and cobalt. Enrichment factor values demonstrated that zinc, lead, and molybdenum have minor enrichment in both the season. The pollution load index (PLI) has been used to access the pollution load of different sampling sites. The area load index and average PLI values of the river were 7.77 and 4.93 in winter and 7.72 and 4.89 in summer, respectively. If the magnitude of pollution with trace metal in the river system increases continuously, it may have a severe impact on the river's aquatic ecology.
骏河是日本一级河流，其水体中含有大量的金属污染物，主要来自城市环境。2009 年冬、夏季分别在 20 个采样点采集了水和沉积物样品，以分析和比较不同痕量元素的富集程度。同时，还采用了一种广泛使用的五步连续提取程序来分离痕量元素。结果表明，锌、铜、铅、铬和镉的浓度分别是参考值的 3 至 4 倍，下游沉积物的污染程度明显高于上游。地球化学分配结果表明，潜在的痕量金属在水生环境中的迁移能力顺序为：镉＞锌＞铅＞铜＞钴＞铬＞钼＞镍。大约 80.2%的锌、77.9%的钼、75.3%的钴、63.7%的铅、60.9%的铜、55.1%的铬和 39.8%的镍来自人为活动。根据污染强度，骏河河水沉积物受到锌、铅和钴的中度至重度污染。富集因子值表明，锌、铅和钼在两个季节均有轻微富集。污染负荷指数（PLI）用于评估不同采样点的污染负荷。该河流在冬季的区域负荷指数和平均 PLI 值分别为 7.77 和 4.93，在夏季分别为 7.72 和 4.89。如果河流系统中痕量金属的污染程度持续增加，可能会对河流的水生生态系统造成严重影响。
