Raghavendra K, Ghosh S K, Eapen Alex, Tiwari S N, Satyanarayan T S, Ravindran John, Sreehari U, Dash A P
National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2011 Mar;48(1):18-26.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Field trials of lambda-cyhalothrin 10 CS (ICON 10 CS) in indoor residual spraying (IRS) with 25 mg a.i./m2 against Anopheles culicifacies was undertaken vs malathion IRS (25% WP-2 g a.i./m2) in Tumkur district, Karnataka; vs deltamethrin IRS (2.5% WP-20 mg a.i./m2) in Dharmapuri district; and vs lambda-cyhalothrin (10 WP-25 mg a.i./m2) in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Spray operations in the experimental villages were done by the National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) and in the control villages by the respective State Health Department staff. Persistence of efficacy of insecticide sprayed in villages was assessed by contact bioassays against vector mosquitoes. Entomological indicators such as per structure density, parity rates of vector mosquitoes and sporozoite rates were measured in all the three study areas using standard procedures. Mass blood surveys and active fever case detections were carried out in experimental and control villages to study the impact of IRS on malaria transmission.
Persistence of effectiveness of ICON 10 CS was observed up to 2-3 months in all the three study areas. ICON 10 CS was found effective at par with or better than the insecticides used in the national programme in reducing the mosquito densities and in interrupting malaria transmission in the study villages. Vector density, parity rates and malaria cases considerably reduced in the ICON 10 CS-sprayed villages.
Field trials at three sites have established that ICON 10 CS formulation was relatively more effective than malathion 25% WP, deltamethrin 2.5% WP and lambda-cyhalothrin 10% WP in some evaluation parameters like indoor resting mosquitoes, parity rates in vector mosquitoes and persistence of effectiveness. It can be used for IRS for malaria vector control with two rounds of spray at an interval of 3 months for curtailing the malaria transmission and an additional round is recommended in perennial malaria transmission areas.
在印度卡纳塔克邦图姆库尔区，开展了氯氟氰菊酯10%悬浮剂（ICON 10 CS）室内滞留喷洒（IRS）现场试验，用药量为25毫克有效成分/平方米，用于防治库氏按蚊，对照为马拉硫磷IRS（25%可湿性粉剂 - 2克有效成分/平方米）；在达马普里区，对照为溴氰菊酯IRS（2.5%可湿性粉剂 - 20毫克有效成分/平方米）；在泰米尔纳德邦拉马纳塔普拉姆区，对照为氯氟氰菊酯（10%可湿性粉剂 - 25毫克有效成分/平方米）。
实验村庄的喷洒作业由国家疟疾研究所（NIMR）进行，对照村庄的喷洒作业由各邦卫生部门工作人员进行。通过对媒介蚊虫进行接触生物测定来评估村庄内喷洒杀虫剂后的药效持久性。在所有三个研究区域，采用标准程序测量诸如每个结构的密度、媒介蚊虫的 parity 率和子孢子率等昆虫学指标。在实验村庄和对照村庄开展大规模血液调查和主动发热病例检测，以研究室内滞留喷洒对疟疾传播的影响。
在所有三个研究区域均观察到ICON 10 CS的药效持续长达2 - 3个月。发现ICON 10 CS在降低研究村庄的蚊虫密度和阻断疟疾传播方面与国家项目中使用的杀虫剂效果相当或更好。在喷洒ICON 10 CS的村庄，媒介密度、parity率和疟疾病例大幅减少。
在三个地点进行的现场试验表明，在一些评估参数方面，如室内栖息蚊虫、媒介蚊虫的 parity 率和药效持久性，ICON 10 CS制剂比25%马拉硫磷可湿性粉剂、2.5%溴氰菊酯可湿性粉剂和10%氯氟氰菊酯可湿性粉剂相对更有效。它可用于室内滞留喷洒以控制疟疾媒介，每隔3个月进行两轮喷洒以减少疟疾传播，在常年疟疾传播地区建议额外增加一轮喷洒。
