Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Dec;55 Suppl 2:S78-83. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbc94f.
Jails provide an underutilized public health opportunity for screening for HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and viral hepatitis, and for such other infectious diseases as tuberculosis. Incarcerated individuals are more likely to be men, poor, persons of color, and at high risk for HIV. The vast majority of jails in the United States do not screen routinely for HIV or STIs, thereby missing an opportunity for HIV and STI diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Nesting HIV testing within STI testing and treatment in conjunction with testing and treatment for other infectious diseases, as appropriate based on community prevalence, provides a public health opportunity and will enhance HIV prevention. HIV testing and linkage to care, both within corrections and in the community, comprise an important component of the "seek and treat" strategy to further prevent HIV infection. Jail-based screening of infectious diseases, especially for HIV and STIs, in conjunction with treatment and linkage to community care has thus far been a neglected component of HIV prevention among high-risk communities.
监狱为筛查 HIV、性传播感染（STIs）和病毒性肝炎，以及结核病等其他传染病提供了一个未充分利用的公共卫生机会。被监禁的人更有可能是男性、贫困、有色人种，并且处于 HIV 的高风险之中。美国绝大多数监狱没有对 HIV 或 STIs 进行常规筛查，从而错过了 HIV 和 STI 诊断、治疗和预防的机会。在性传播感染的检测和治疗中嵌套 HIV 检测，并根据社区流行情况，酌情结合其他传染病的检测和治疗，这提供了一个公共卫生机会，并将加强 HIV 的预防。在监狱中进行 HIV 检测并与治疗相结合，无论是在监狱内还是在社区内，都是“寻求和治疗”策略的重要组成部分，可进一步预防 HIV 感染。因此，监狱中对传染病（尤其是 HIV 和 STIs）的筛查，以及与社区护理的联系，迄今为止一直是高危社区中 HIV 预防的一个被忽视的组成部分。
