The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Apr;89(4):1042-55. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2384.
Weanling pigs (n = 160) were used to evaluate dietary essential microminerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn) on performance, tissue minerals, and liver and plasma enzymatic activities during a 35-d postweaning period. A randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 8 replicates was used in this study. Organic microminerals were added to complex nursery diets at 0 (basal), 50, 100, or 150% of the requirements of microminerals listed by the 1998 NRC. A fifth treatment contained inorganic microminerals at 100% NRC and served as the positive control. Pigs were bled at intervals with hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), glutathione peroxidase, and ceruloplasmin activities determined. Six pigs at weaning and 1 pig per pen at d 35 were killed, and the liver, heart, loin, kidney, pancreas, and the frontal lobe of the brain were collected for micromineral analysis. The liver was frozen in liquid N for determination of enzymatic activities. The analyzed innate microminerals in the basal diet met the NRC requirement for Cu and Mn but not Fe, Se, and Zn. Performance was not affected from 0 to 10 d postweaning, but when microminerals were added to diets, ADG, ADFI, and G:F improved (P < 0.01) from 10 to 35 d and for the overall 35-d period. Pigs fed the basal diet exhibited parakeratosis-like skin lesions, whereas those fed the supplemental microminerals did not. This skin condition was corrected after a diet with the added microminerals was fed. When the basal diet was fed, Hb and Hct declined, but supplemental microminerals increased Hb and Hct values. Liver catalase activity increased (P < 0.01) when microminerals were fed. The Mn superoxide dismutase activity tended to decline quadratically (P = 0.06) when supplemental microminerals were fed above that of the basal diet. Liver plasma glutathione peroxidase activities were greater (P < 0.01) when dietary organic and inorganic micromineral were fed. Liver concentrations of microminerals increased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary microminerals increased, indicating that the liver was the primary storage organ. Micromineral tissue concentrations were least in pigs fed the basal diet and increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) to the 50% level of organic microminerals in the various tissues collected. The results indicated that innate microminerals, Cu and Mn, from a complex nursery diet may meet the micromineral needs of the weaned pig, but the need for Fe, Se, or Zn was not met by the basal diet.
本试验选用 160 头断奶仔猪，研究饲粮中添加不同水平的必需微量矿物质（铜、铁、锰、硒和锌）对断奶后 35 d 内仔猪生产性能、组织矿物质含量及肝脏和血浆酶活性的影响。采用 5 种处理、8 个重复的完全随机区组设计。在基础日粮中分别添加 0（基础）、50%、100%和 150%微量元素需要量的有机微量元素、100%的无机微量元素，以满足 1998 年 NRC 对微量矿物质的需求。100%NRC 的无机微量元素组作为正对照组。在不同时间间隔采血，检测血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（Hct）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和铜蓝蛋白（CP）活性。在断奶时和第 35 天每组随机选择 1 头仔猪屠宰，取肝脏、心脏、腰肉、肾脏、胰腺和大脑额皮质，用于组织矿物质含量分析。肝脏在液氮中冷冻，用于测定酶活性。基础日粮中分析出的固有微量矿物质含量符合 NRC 对铜和锰的需求，但不符合铁、硒和锌的需求。断奶后 0-10 d 时，生产性能不受影响，但添加微量矿物质后，10-35 d 及整个 35 d 的 ADG、ADFI 和 G:F 均有所提高（P<0.01）。饲喂基础日粮的仔猪出现角化不全样皮肤病变，而饲喂补充微量矿物质的仔猪则没有。这种皮肤状况在饲喂添加微量矿物质的日粮后得到纠正。饲喂基础日粮时，Hb 和 Hct 下降，但补充微量矿物质后，Hb 和 Hct 值增加。饲喂微量矿物质时，肝过氧化氢酶活性增加（P<0.01）。当补充的微量矿物质超过基础日粮时，Mn 超氧化物歧化酶活性呈二次趋势下降（P=0.06）。饲喂有机和无机微量矿物质时，肝血浆 GSH-Px 活性更高（P<0.01）。肝脏中微量矿物质浓度随饲粮中微量矿物质含量的增加呈线性增加（P<0.01），表明肝脏是主要的储存器官。在饲喂基础日粮的仔猪中，组织中微量矿物质浓度最低，随着各种组织中有机微量矿物质水平的提高（二次，P<0.01）而增加。结果表明，复合仔猪日粮中的固有微量矿物质（铜和锰）可能满足断奶仔猪对微量矿物质的需求，但基础日粮不能满足铁、硒或锌的需求。
