Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2011 May;294(5):789-96. doi: 10.1002/ar.21366. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
In this study, we examined the development of the upper eyelids to provide a basic understanding of gross anatomical structures and information relative to mechanisms of congenital anomalies in the upper eyelids. We studied the upper eyelids by external and histological observation in 48 human embryos and in fetuses from 5 to 36 weeks postfertilization. The upper eyelid fold began to develop at Stage 18. Upper and lower eyelids fused from the lateral cantus at Stage 22, and fusion was complete by 9 weeks of development. Mesenchymal condensations forming the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi (OO), tarsal plate, and the eyelashes and their appendages, were first seen at Week 9. Definite muscle structures of the upper eyelid, such as the orbital part of the OO and the levator palpebrae superioris and its aponeurosis, and the Müller's muscle were observed at 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. In addition, orbital septum, arterial arcade and orbital fat pad, and tarsal gland (TG) were apparent at 12, 14, and 18 weeks, respectively. Opening of the palpebral fissure was observed at Week 20. In addition, we defined the directional orientation between the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum and the growth pattern of the TG. Our results will be helpful in understanding the normal development of the upper eyelid and the origins of upper eyelid birth defects.
在这项研究中，我们检查了上眼睑的发育，为了解上眼睑的大体解剖结构和与先天性异常相关的机制提供了基础。我们通过对外科和组织学观察，对 48 个人类胚胎和受精后 5 至 36 周的胎儿的上眼睑进行了研究。上眼睑褶皱在 18 期开始发育。上、下眼睑在 22 期从外侧角融合，9 周时融合完成。形成眼轮匝肌眶部（OO）、睑板和睫毛及其附属物的间充质凝块在第 9 周首次出现。上眼睑的明确肌肉结构，如 OO 的眶部、上睑提肌及其腱膜和 Müller 肌，分别在 12 周和 14 周观察到。此外，眶隔、动脉弓和眶脂垫以及睑板腺（TG）分别在 12、14 和 18 周明显。20 周时观察到睑裂张开。此外，我们定义了提上睑肌腱膜和眶隔之间的定向方位以及 TG 的生长模式。我们的结果将有助于理解上眼睑的正常发育和上眼睑出生缺陷的起源。
