神经认知功能和日常功能在老年时一起变化。
Neurocognitive functions and everyday functions change together in old age.
机构信息
Department of Psychology & Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0187, USA.
出版信息
Neuropsychology. 2011 May;25(3):368-77. doi: 10.1037/a0022348.
OBJECTIVE
Although neurocognitive functions are known to decline normatively with adult age, there is a common belief that everyday functions (e.g., paying bills, following medication instructions, making change, looking up telephone numbers in a phone book) are unaffected by these changes.
METHOD
This hypothesis was examined by applying longitudinal growth models to data from a community-based sample of 698 adults (ages 65 to 94 years and living independently at baseline) who were repeatedly measured over five years on neurocognitive tests of executive reasoning, episodic memory, and perceptual speed, and on a number of tasks that adults should be reasonably expected to be able to perform in their day-to-day lives.
RESULTS
Individual differences in changes in neurocognitive performance were strongly correlated with individual differences in changes in performance on the everyday tasks. Alternatively, changes in self-reports of everyday functions were only weakly correlated with changes in performance on the neurocognitive tests and the everyday tasks.
CONCLUSIONS
These results together suggest that normative neurocognitive aging has substantial consequences for the daily lives of older adults and that both researchers and clinicians should be cautious when interpreting self-reports of everyday functioning.
目的
尽管人们知道神经认知功能会随着成年年龄的增长而正常下降，但人们普遍认为日常功能（例如，付账单、遵循药物说明、找零钱、在电话簿中查找电话号码）不受这些变化的影响。
方法
本研究通过应用纵向增长模型，对来自一个基于社区的 698 名成年人（年龄在 65 岁至 94 岁之间，在基线时独立生活）的样本数据进行了检验，这些成年人在五年内多次接受了执行推理、情景记忆和知觉速度等神经认知测试，以及多项成年人在日常生活中应该能够合理完成的任务的测试。
结果
神经认知表现变化的个体差异与日常任务表现变化的个体差异密切相关。相反，日常功能自我报告的变化与神经认知测试和日常任务表现的变化只有微弱的相关性。
结论
这些结果共同表明，正常的神经认知衰老对老年人的日常生活有重大影响，研究人员和临床医生在解释日常功能的自我报告时都应该谨慎。
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